[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":325},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-GB-centralized-and-decentralized-networks":3,"en-gb/learn/blockchain/centralized-and-decentralized-networks-en-GB-seo":56,"footer-en-GB":61,"navigation-en-GB-learn-center":234,"api/learn-categories-en-GB":285},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"Centralized and decentralized networks","Centralized and decentralized networks - Bitstamp Learn Center","What are centralized and decentralized networks? How do they differ from each other? - Learn more on the Bitstamp Learn Center",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/centralized_and_decentralized_networkssvg_2964069dc3_2caabe1f6c.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",192,108,"centralized_and_decentralized_networkssvg_2964069dc3.svg","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/learn/blockchain/centralized-and-decentralized-networks/","en",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/blockchain/centralized-and-decentralized-networks/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/centralized-and-decentralized-networks/","en-GB",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/blockchain/","Blockchain technology",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"centralized-and-decentralized-networks",false,"\u003Cp>When \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-btc/\">Bitcoin\u003C/a> introduced the world to \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-a-blockchain/\">blockchain technology\u003C/a>, it started a global revolution. Blockchain technology provided a way to create \u003Cstrong>decentralized systems\u003C/strong> for storing and transferring data.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>When \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-btc/\">Bitcoin\u003C/a> introduced the world to \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-a-blockchain/\">blockchain technology\u003C/a>, it started a global revolution. Blockchain technology provided a way to create \u003Cstrong>decentralized systems\u003C/strong> for storing and transferring data.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Decentralization is seen as blockchain’s ultimate attribute as it has many advantages over traditional centralized systems for storing information. As \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-ethereum-eth/\">Ethereum’s\u003C/a> co-founder, Vitalik Buterin, once wrote: “it is extremely common for proponents of one protocol (or protocol extension) to claim that the opposing proposals are ‘centralized’ as the ultimate knockdown argument.”\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Why is that so? And what does it even stingy, if we say that a system is \u003Cstrong>centralized\u003C/strong> or \u003Cstrong>decentralized\u003C/strong>?\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Centralized and decentralized network essentials\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Centralized networks are controlled by a central authority.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Decentralized networks are usually controlled by the community or the users themselves.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Blockchains can be public (decentralized), private (centralized), or permissioned (a mix of the two).\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Decentralization has safety benefits as well as ideological benefits\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>Differences between centralized and decentralized networks\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In essence, if something is \u003Cstrong>centralized\u003C/strong>, that means that there is a single entity with complete authority over the whole system.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Let’s take Facebook as an example. If you write a post, upload a photo, or share a video from a page, the data will go from your device to the Facebook server where it will be stored and redirected back to your followers. There is a \u003Cstrong>central authority\u003C/strong> – in this case, Facebook – responsible for storing, processing and transmitting all data.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Decentralized\u003C/strong>, by contrast, means that there is no single entity controlling the system. Instead, the work and responsibility are shared by many entities. An example of this can be found in torrents. Torrents are based on a \u003Cstrong>peer-to-peer\u003C/strong> principle. This means that if you download a torrent, you don’t download it from a single central server. Instead, you download it from other torrent users who have the file on their computers.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The major difference between centralized and decentralized networks is who controls the network. With centralized networks, one central authority has total control. Because of this, they can essentially run the network however they like. Decentralized systems are controlled by multiple entities, and no single person can tamper with and do what they want with the network.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Types of blockchains\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Blockchains provide a mechanism for open systems to be stable and resilient. This is the basis that allows us to build reliable decentralized networks. It is important to note, however, that blockchains are not necessarily decentralized.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The technology can and often is used to build \u003Cstrong>private blockchains\u003C/strong>. These blockchains are controlled by a single individual or company and are, therefore, centralized. A popular alternative to private blockchains are \u003Cstrong>public blockchains\u003C/strong>, which are decentralized and open to anyone. These are the ones everyone is familiar with through Bitcoin and most other popular cryptocurrencies. There is also a third category with functionality that falls someplace between the two, called \u003Cstrong>permissioned blockchains\u003C/strong>. These are used because they make it possible to grant specific permissions to individual participants.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Most of the biggest cryptocurrencies use public blockchains. These benefit from decentralization in three main ways:\u003C/p>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Fault tolerance:\u003C/strong> Decentralized systems are unlikely to fail due to an accident because they rely on many independent components. It is unlikely that all these components would fail at once.  \u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Attack resistance:\u003C/strong> Decentralized systems are much more expensive to compromise or manipulate. This is because they lack sensitive central points that can be attacked. Attacking multiple points at once is much harder than hacking a single server.  \u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Collusion resistance:\u003C/strong> It is hard for participants in a decentralized system to act in ways that benefit them at the expense of others. A large group of them would have to band together (collude) in a sort of conspiracy.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ol>\n\u003Cp>These attributes make public blockchains a safer and more reliable way to store data than centralized systems. Beside these benefits, decentralization is an exciting concept for ideological reasons. It protects the rights of the majority of the network's users. This is important in modern society, where the majority of resources are controlled by a relatively small group of people.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To sum up, traditional currencies are controlled by a central bank. Cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, are controlled by everyone who is involved in the system. If you want to exchange some of your centralized money for decentralized cryptocurrency, you’re making a move that not only has security-related benefits, but also an ideological high ground.\u003C/p>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"July 29th, 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Kingdom",{},{},{"title":194,"content":17,"items":195},"Contact",[196,201,205,209,213,217,222,227],{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":197,"value":198,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":199,"geofencings":200},"Customer 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":223,"value":224,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":225,"geofencings":226},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":228,"value":229,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":230,"geofencings":231},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"items":235,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":281,"backButtonText":282,"logInButtonText":283,"signUpButtonText":284},[236,241,247,250,254,259,264,267,272,277],{"headerName":237,"sidemenuName":118,"url":238,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":239,"submenu":240,"tag":17},"Institutions","/en-gb/institutional-trading/",{},[],{"headerName":242,"sidemenuName":242,"url":243,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":244,"submenu":245,"tag":246},"Derivatives","/perpetual-futures/",{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":133,"sidemenuName":133,"url":134,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":248,"submenu":249,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":251,"sidemenuName":251,"url":106,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":252,"submenu":253,"tag":17},"Mobile App",{},[],{"headerName":255,"sidemenuName":255,"url":256,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":257,"submenu":258,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":260,"sidemenuName":260,"url":261,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":262,"submenu":263,"tag":17},"Earn Stake","/en-gb/crypto-staking/",{},[],{"headerName":110,"sidemenuName":110,"url":111,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":265,"submenu":266,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":268,"sidemenuName":268,"url":269,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":270,"submenu":271,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":273,"sidemenuName":273,"url":274,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":275,"submenu":276,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":278,"sidemenuName":278,"url":106,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":279,"submenu":280,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[286,289,293,297,301,305,309,313,317,321],{"title":32,"url":287,"geofencings":288},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":290,"url":291,"geofencings":292},"Company profiles","/en-gb/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":294,"url":295,"geofencings":296},"Crypto 101","/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":298,"url":299,"geofencings":300},"Crypto definitions","/en-gb/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":302,"url":303,"geofencings":304},"Crypto trading","/en-gb/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":306,"url":307,"geofencings":308},"Cryptocurrency guide","/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{},{"title":310,"url":311,"geofencings":312},"People profiles","/en-gb/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":314,"url":315,"geofencings":316},"Security","/en-gb/learn/security/",{},{"title":318,"url":319,"geofencings":320},"Tutorials","/en-gb/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":322,"url":323,"geofencings":324},"Web3","/en-gb/learn/web3/",{},1775055483561]