[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":326},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-GB-do-all-cryptocurrencies-use-the-blockchain":3,"en-gb/learn/blockchain/do-all-cryptocurrencies-use-the-blockchain-en-GB-seo":57,"footer-en-GB":62,"navigation-en-GB-learn-center":235,"api/learn-categories-en-GB":286},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"Do all cryptocurrencies use the blockchain?","Do All Cryptocurrencies Use the Blockchain? - Bitstamp Learn Center","Do all cryptocurrencies use the blockchain? What are other alternatives to build cryptos? - Learn more on the Bitstamp Learn Center",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_10svg_463ff5e3b1_3cb1a56120.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",192,108,"1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_10svg_463ff5e3b1.svg","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/learn/blockchain/do-all-cryptocurrencies-use-the-blockchain/","en",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/blockchain/do-all-cryptocurrencies-use-the-blockchain/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/do-all-cryptocurrencies-use-the-blockchain/","en-GB",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/blockchain/","Blockchain technology",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"do-all-cryptocurrencies-use-the-blockchain",false,"\u003Cp>Cryptocurrencies and \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-a-blockchain/\">blockchain technology\u003C/a> are often regarded as the same thing. This makes it seem like a cryptocurrency cannot exist without an underlying blockchain technology. But is this really the case?\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>Cryptocurrencies and \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-a-blockchain/\">blockchain technology\u003C/a> are often regarded as the same thing. This makes it seem like a cryptocurrency cannot exist without an underlying blockchain technology. But is this really the case?\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>According to the definition of cryptocurrency, the answer is no. The defining characteristic of any cryptocurrency is that security is ensured with cryptography. Moreover, cryptocurrencies aren’t issued by a central authority, like a bank. In theory, this makes them immune to government interference or manipulation.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Cryptocurrencies pioneered in blockchain technology. And while blockchain has many advantages over traditional, \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/centralized-and-decentralized-networks/\">centralized banking systems\u003C/a>, some believe that there are drawbacks to certain aspects of blockchain technology, including \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-blockchain-scaling/\">scalability problems\u003C/a>, slow \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/what-is-block-time/\">block creation times\u003C/a>, \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/what-is-crypto-mining/\">mining fees\u003C/a> and \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/security/what-is-a-51-percent-attack/\">double-spending attacks\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Non-blockchain cryptocurrency essentials\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Not all cryptocurrencies are blockchain-based.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>These include IOTA, Nano, Byteball and others.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>They are based on directed acyclic graphs, or DAGs.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>DAGs promise to eliminate mining fees and speed up transactions.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>DAGs promise to solve the problem of scaling.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>DAGs are vulnerable to certain types of attacks.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>The dawn of DAGs\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-btc/\">Bitcoin\u003C/a> was the first cryptocurrency to see the light of day, back in 2009. But it wasn’t the cryptocurrency alone that prompted such international interest. Many believe that the more important novelty was Bitcoin’s underlying blockchain technology. Introducing decentralized peer-to-peer blockchains, the technology took the world by storm. For a few years, blockchain ledgers were the defining characteristic of any cryptocurrency. But that all changed with the official launch of \u003Cstrong>IOTA\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>IOTA replaced the traditional blockchain-based distributed ledger with a so-called \u003Cstrong>directed acyclic graph\u003C/strong> (\u003Cstrong>DAG\u003C/strong>). The IOTA protocol operates with a DAG-based consensus algorithm which the IOTA team have termed \u003Cstrong>Tangle\u003C/strong>. Though still in development, Tangle is eventually intended to work as a distributed ledger similar to blockchains, but with a unique twist. A trader who makes a transaction must confirm two random previous transactions. Each of these two will have validated two other transactions before, and so on. The end result is not that transactions are grouped into blocks and stored in a blockchain. Rather, it is a stream of individual transactions entangled together.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>After the launch of IOTA, many non-blockchain protocols followed suit. However, most of them invented their own consensus algorithms to protect the network from \u003Cstrong>double-spending attacks\u003C/strong>. Aside from IOTA, protocols utilizing DAGs also include \u003Cstrong>Nano\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>Byteball\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Each of them puts into practice a different consensus algorithm. Nano, formerly called Raiblocks, implements the so-called \u003Cstrong>Block-lattice\u003C/strong>. With Block-lattice, every user gets their own chain to which only they can write. Additionally, everyone holds a copy of all of the chains. Every transaction is broken down into a send block on the sender’s chain, and a receive block on the receiver’s chain. The problem of Block-lattice is that it is vulnerable to \u003Cstrong>penny-spending\u003C/strong> attacks. These involve inflating the number of chains that nodes must track by sending negligible amounts of cryptocurrency to empty wallets.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>DAG vs blockchain\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Some see DAGs as an alternative that combats the shortcomings of blockchain technology, but it would be false to claim that one technology is better than the other. In the world of cryptocurrency, people often try to build hype around the technology they invested in. This leads to the creation of buzzwords like “blockchain killer,” meant to portray DAGs as technologically superior to blockchain.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>While a DAG network does perform better than blockchains in some aspects, it is crucial to consider the advantages and disadvantages of both.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Advantages of DAGs\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>The main pros of DAG networks have to do with mining. Because no mining takes place, there are no mining fees associated with making DAG transactions. Seeing how \u003Cstrong>block rewards\u003C/strong> are falling, \u003Cstrong>mining fees\u003C/strong> are bound to rise in order to incentivize miners to continue mining. In that respect, a system that would eliminate mining fees altogether looks promising for the future.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>No mining also means better latency, accounting for faster validation and processing of transactions in the network. Once a node receives a transaction, it can confirm it immediately, without having to wait for a new block to be formed. This may not be as prominent, when compared to blockchains with fast or moderate \u003Cstrong>block times\u003C/strong>, for instance Ethereum or Litecoin. But when compared to Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash, the difference in time is more pronounced.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Disadvantages of DAGs\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Existing DAG networks are facing security problems because of their current network sizes. To prevent double-spending attacks until their networks grow, each DAG has come up with its own solution. IOTA’s Tangle – though designed to get faster as the network grows – currently relies on a single \u003Cstrong>coordinator node\u003C/strong>, also called the proof-of-authority node.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Byteball\u003C/strong>, another DAG-based network, relies on 12 so-called \u003Cstrong>witness nodes\u003C/strong> that operate a main chain. These witness nodes are controlled by the developer to check the state of the DAG. While IOTA and Byteball claim their solutions are temporary, they’re problematic in terms of centralization, since both of them are, in a sense, operated by a central authority.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Trading DAG-based cryptocurrencies\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>At the moment, not all DAG-based cryptocurrencies can be bought with fiat currencies like euros and dollars. Most exchanges that support these currencies only allow you to buy them using other cryptocurrencies, like bitcoins or ether. If you don’t already own cryptocurrency, you’ll have to buy some first through one of the relatively few exchanges in the world that allow you to buy cryptocurrencies using your everyday money.\u003C/p>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"July 29th, 2024",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":53},{},{"previous":55,"next":56},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/confirmed-and-unconfirmed-blockchain-transactions/","/en-gb/learn/blockchain/exploring-decentralized-applications-dapps/",{"description":7,"ogDescription":7,"ogImage":58,"twitterImage":58,"twitterSite":59,"twitterCreator":59,"twitterCard":60,"twitterTitle":6,"twitterDescription":7,"titleTemplate":61},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_10svg_463ff5e3b1_3cb1a56120.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"ready":33,"sections":63,"disclaimer":233,"copyright":234},[64,102,115,138,175,194],{"title":65,"content":17,"items":66},"About",[67,72,77,82,87,92,97],{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":36,"name":68,"value":69,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":70,"geofencings":71},"Who We 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Kingdom",{},{},{"title":195,"content":17,"items":196},"Contact",[197,202,206,210,214,218,223,228],{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":198,"value":199,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":200,"geofencings":201},"Customer 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":224,"value":225,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":226,"geofencings":227},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":229,"value":230,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":231,"geofencings":232},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"items":236,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":282,"backButtonText":283,"logInButtonText":284,"signUpButtonText":285},[237,242,248,251,255,260,265,268,273,278],{"headerName":238,"sidemenuName":119,"url":239,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":240,"submenu":241,"tag":17},"Institutions","/en-gb/institutional-trading/",{},[],{"headerName":243,"sidemenuName":243,"url":244,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":245,"submenu":246,"tag":247},"Derivatives","/perpetual-futures/",{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":134,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":249,"submenu":250,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":252,"sidemenuName":252,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":253,"submenu":254,"tag":17},"Mobile App",{},[],{"headerName":256,"sidemenuName":256,"url":257,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":258,"submenu":259,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":261,"sidemenuName":261,"url":262,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":263,"submenu":264,"tag":17},"Earn Stake","/en-gb/crypto-staking/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":266,"submenu":267,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":269,"sidemenuName":269,"url":270,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":271,"submenu":272,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":274,"sidemenuName":274,"url":275,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":276,"submenu":277,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":279,"sidemenuName":279,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[287,290,294,298,302,306,310,314,318,322],{"title":32,"url":288,"geofencings":289},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":291,"url":292,"geofencings":293},"Company profiles","/en-gb/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":295,"url":296,"geofencings":297},"Crypto 101","/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":299,"url":300,"geofencings":301},"Crypto definitions","/en-gb/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":303,"url":304,"geofencings":305},"Crypto trading","/en-gb/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":307,"url":308,"geofencings":309},"Cryptocurrency guide","/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{},{"title":311,"url":312,"geofencings":313},"People profiles","/en-gb/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":315,"url":316,"geofencings":317},"Security","/en-gb/learn/security/",{},{"title":319,"url":320,"geofencings":321},"Tutorials","/en-gb/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":323,"url":324,"geofencings":325},"Web3","/en-gb/learn/web3/",{},1776263824809]