[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":326},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-GB-what-are-blockchain-bridges":3,"en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-are-blockchain-bridges-en-GB-seo":57,"footer-en-GB":62,"navigation-en-GB-learn-center":235,"api/learn-categories-en-GB":286},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What are blockchain bridges?","What are blockchain bridges? - Bitstamp Learn Center","What are blockchain bridges? How do they help connect two seperate blockchains? Learn more with the Bitstamp Learn Center",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/What_are_bridges_in_crypto_png_594cc26886_535e3a5f3d.png","image/png",".png",1920,1080,"What_are_bridges_in_crypto_png_594cc26886.png","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/learn/blockchain/what-are-blockchain-bridges/","en",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/blockchain/what-are-blockchain-bridges/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-are-blockchain-bridges/","en-GB",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/blockchain/","Blockchain technology",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"what-are-blockchain-bridges",false,"\u003Cp>Blockchain bridges are tools that enable the transfer of assets and data between blockchains.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>Blockchain bridges are tools that enable the transfer of assets and data between blockchains.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-a-blockchain/\">Blockchains\u003C/a> are typically designed to operate as discrete systems where validators are responsible for securing it and ensuring consensus on that chain alone.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Bridges are software protocols that allow these systems to communicate with each other and to connect two otherwise unconnected blockchain platforms. They allow users to send assets, messages, or data from one blockchain to another without compromising the integrity of the overall token supply or interrupting blockchain \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/security/how-is-decentralized-consensus-achieved/\">consensus\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Bridges emerged as a solution to the problem of blockchain interoperability, eliminating constraints on the transfer of assets and information between chains. Also known as a cross-chain bridge, examples include Wormhole, which bridges \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-solana-sol/\">Solana\u003C/a> and \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-ethereum-eth/\">Ethereum\u003C/a>, and the Polygon Bridge, which bridges \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-polygon-matic/\">Polygon\u003C/a> and Ethereum.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>History of bridges\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Following Ethereum’s launch in 2015, it quickly became a hub for decentralized applications (\u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/what-are-decentralized-applications-dapps/\">dapps\u003C/a>). However, it eventually became evident that Ethereum couldn’t scale according to the pace of demand as the network suffered from congestion during peak usage.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In time, other \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/how-do-smart-contracts-work/\">smart contract\u003C/a> platforms launched that offered faster throughput. However, as isolated systems, it proved difficult to persuade users and developers to leave Ethereum. While a dapp may run more quickly on a different blockchain, it would lose access to Ethereum’s large established user base.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The first bridges were launched in 2020 by smaller chains, such as Syscoin and \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-near-protocol-near/\">NEAR Protocol\u003C/a>, who would benefit from interoperability with the many existing dapps on Ethereum.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Since then, bridges have been in operation between all major blockchain platforms, allowing more freedom in the flow of assets and information and reducing dependence and congestion on single networks.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>How do bridges work?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Most bridges operate using some variation of a mint-and-burn mechanism. When a token or other asset leaves the originating blockchain, it is either frozen or burned on exit, and a corresponding token is created on the destination chain.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Similarly, when the asset returns to the originating blockchain, the duplicate token is burned on the destination chain. On the originating chain, the asset is either unfrozen or re-created, helping maintain the correct token supply.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>A bridge may allow the free transfer of assets between two blockchains, or it may have specialized functionality. For example, Solana’s Wormhole bridge or the \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-avalanche-avax/\">Avalanche\u003C/a> bridge are bi-directional bridges allowing anyone to move Solana or Avalanche assets respectively to and from Ethereum. However, Wrapped Bitcoin specifically allows users to send \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-btc/\">BTC\u003C/a> to and from Ethereum and does not support additional assets or blockchains.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Trusted vs. trustless bridges\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Blockchain bridges can be divided into two different categories, both governed differently.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>A trusted bridge is typically run by a known entity, requiring the user to trust another party with their assets, or data, when using the bridge. For example, to bridge BTC to ETH using Wrapped Bitcoin, users’ BTC funds are held with Bitgo, a digital asset trust company and custodian.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In contrast, trustless bridges are designed to operate autonomously using smart contracts. Activity on trustless bridges is typically managed in a similar way to the blockchain itself where a set of validators need to reach consensus over transactions. Validators are incentivized to ensure the integrity of bridge activity through rewards and penalties. Examples of trustless bridges include the Arbitrum Bridge and the Polygon Bridge.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Benefits and risks of bridges\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Bridges have allowed more interoperability within the blockchain space and enable users to move funds and data across a variety of blockchains. This allows users to take advantage of lower fees, faster transactions, or other unique features offered on other blockchains. Bridges help create a more liquid Web3 ecosystem and foster development activity by making it easier for developers to test the relative strengths of different platforms.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>However, the design and implementation of bridge technology is still a relatively new field, and the sudden influx of users and funds has made them prime targets for hacks and fraudulent activity. In 2022, bridges became the most targeted protocols for hackers. Solana’s Wormhole and \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-axie-infinity-axs/\">Axie Infinity’s\u003C/a> Ronin were two examples of well-known bridges that were hacked.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The type of risk may be different depending on whether the bridge is trusted or trustless. With a trusted bridge, the risk is that the bridge operator could act maliciously, or the custodian of the bridge funds could be attacked by hackers.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Trustless bridges may be vulnerable to majority attacks, particularly if the validator set is made up of a smaller group. Attackers will also seek out bugs or insecurities in the bridge smart contracts (which can be particularly complex) to find a way of draining funds. Since you need smart contracts on both blockchains to build a bridge, there are more attack vectors and points-of-failures within their code.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To mitigate the risks, security researchers advise taking precautions such as researching the underlying bridge security and not leaving funds locked in bridges for longer than is necessary.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Bridges essentials\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>A bridge is a protocol enabling blockchain interoperability. Bridges connect blockchains to transfer assets and data in one or both directions.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Bridges are either trusted, meaning they’re operated by a centralized entity, or trustless, operated by a decentralized network.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Both types of bridges enable the benefits of interoperability; however, each comes with risks, such as smart contract failure or fraud.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"July 29th, 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":224,"value":225,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":226,"geofencings":227},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":229,"value":230,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":231,"geofencings":232},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"items":236,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":282,"backButtonText":283,"logInButtonText":284,"signUpButtonText":285},[237,242,248,251,255,260,265,268,273,278],{"headerName":238,"sidemenuName":119,"url":239,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":240,"submenu":241,"tag":17},"Institutions","/en-gb/institutional-trading/",{},[],{"headerName":243,"sidemenuName":243,"url":244,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":245,"submenu":246,"tag":247},"Derivatives","/perpetual-futures/",{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":134,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":249,"submenu":250,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":252,"sidemenuName":252,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":253,"submenu":254,"tag":17},"Mobile App",{},[],{"headerName":256,"sidemenuName":256,"url":257,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":258,"submenu":259,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":261,"sidemenuName":261,"url":262,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":263,"submenu":264,"tag":17},"Earn Stake","/en-gb/crypto-staking/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":266,"submenu":267,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":269,"sidemenuName":269,"url":270,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":271,"submenu":272,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":274,"sidemenuName":274,"url":275,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":276,"submenu":277,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":279,"sidemenuName":279,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[287,290,294,298,302,306,310,314,318,322],{"title":32,"url":288,"geofencings":289},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":291,"url":292,"geofencings":293},"Company profiles","/en-gb/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":295,"url":296,"geofencings":297},"Crypto 101","/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":299,"url":300,"geofencings":301},"Crypto definitions","/en-gb/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":303,"url":304,"geofencings":305},"Crypto trading","/en-gb/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":307,"url":308,"geofencings":309},"Cryptocurrency guide","/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{},{"title":311,"url":312,"geofencings":313},"People profiles","/en-gb/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":315,"url":316,"geofencings":317},"Security","/en-gb/learn/security/",{},{"title":319,"url":320,"geofencings":321},"Tutorials","/en-gb/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":323,"url":324,"geofencings":325},"Web3","/en-gb/learn/web3/",{},1776943659651]