[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":326},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-GB-what-are-schnorr-signatures":3,"en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-are-schnorr-signatures-en-GB-seo":57,"footer-en-GB":62,"api/learn-categories-en-GB":235,"navigation-en-GB-learn-center":275},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What are Schnorr Signatures?","What are Schnorr Signatures? - Bitstamp Learn Center","What are Schnorr signatures? How did they help scale the Bitcoin network?  - Learn more on the Bitstamp Learn Center",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_04svg_6c10d43cbc_30d5033e25.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",192,108,"1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_04svg_6c10d43cbc.svg","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/learn/blockchain/what-are-schnorr-signatures/","en",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/blockchain/what-are-schnorr-signatures/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-are-schnorr-signatures/","en-GB",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/blockchain/","Blockchain technology",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"what-are-schnorr-signatures",false,"\u003Cp>Scalability has long been considered one of the biggest obstacles in the continued growth of \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-btc/\">Bitcoin\u003C/a>. In order to accommodate the millions of users trading in bitcoin, the network must be scaled. There are numerous \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-blockchain-scaling/\">scaling solutions\u003C/a> being developed to “speed up” Bitcoin. While \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-are-layer-2-solutions/\">layer 2 solutions\u003C/a> have been attracting attention in the blockchain community, base-layer solutions are not to be neglected as they, too, can increase the network’s throughput substantially. Among these layer 1 solutions are \u003Cstrong>Schnorr signatures\u003C/strong>. This article explores their operation and lays out the benefits of the technology.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>Scalability has long been considered one of the biggest obstacles in the continued growth of \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-btc/\">Bitcoin\u003C/a>. In order to accommodate the millions of users trading in bitcoin, the network must be scaled. There are numerous \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-blockchain-scaling/\">scaling solutions\u003C/a> being developed to “speed up” Bitcoin. While \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-are-layer-2-solutions/\">layer 2 solutions\u003C/a> have been attracting attention in the blockchain community, base-layer solutions are not to be neglected as they, too, can increase the network’s throughput substantially. Among these layer 1 solutions are \u003Cstrong>Schnorr signatures\u003C/strong>. This article explores their operation and lays out the benefits of the technology.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Schnorr signature essentials\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Schnorr signatures are digital signatures produced by the Schnorr signature algorithm.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>They aggregate multiple signatures into one when a transaction has more than one originating address.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Thus, they take up less space and, consequently, provide layer 1 scaling by increasing the number of transactions each block can take.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Schnorr signatures also provide an increased security against spam attacks.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>The basics of Schnorr signatures\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The Schnorr signature algorithm has been designed by the German cryptographer Claus Schnorr, years before Bitcoin even saw the light of day. In search of scaling solutions, Bitcoin developers have recognised the potential of this algorithm to provide a means of scaling for the popular cryptocurrency by reducing the requirement for transaction signatures with certain types of transactions.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>A BTC transaction cannot take place without a signature, which takes up a certain amount of space on the blockchain. This is not a problem in instances where BTC is sent from one address to another. However, it becomes more of an issue when multiple addresses are used to send BTC to a single address.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Each of the sending addresses will have to provide a signature in order for the transaction to be successful. Imagine you had five BTC addresses and you sent 1 BTC from each of those addresses to your friend’s address. You would have to provide five signatures which would take up five times as much block space and, consequently, require a higher fee. This issue can be solved with Schnorr signatures.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>A Schnorr signature is a digital signature produced by the Schnorr signature algorithm. It enables a transaction to be signed with a single signature, regardless of how many addresses the funds are being sent from. Schnorr signatures are one of the first types of digital signatures the security of which is based on the intractability of discrete logarithm problems.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Another advantage of Schnorr signatures is increased privacy in terms of securing your bitcoins. Some users use multiple signatures to send transactions as a way of increasing security. For example, you could require multiple people or devices to sign a transaction – a feature referred to as \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/security/what-is-a-multisig-wallet/\">MultiSig\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>. Someone might not want others to see that they are doing this, Schnorr signatures make such signatures look like any other.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Benefits of Schnorr signatures\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The most notable benefit of Schnorr signatures is their contribution in terms of first-layer scaling (scaling of the blockchain itself, rather than relying on external, layer 2 solutions). By reducing the amount of signature data stored on the blockchain, Schnorr signatures free up block storage space. This allows for a higher number of transactions per block, which increases the transaction throughput of the Bitcoin network.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>But scaling is not the only way Schnorr signatures can improve the Bitcoin protocol. Another major improvement that they bring is increased security against spam attacks. Spam attacks are intentional attacks on the network that cause spikes in transaction traffic. They trigger a bottleneck effect, causing delays in the confirmation of transactions from the mempool. As a result, transaction fees also rise.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The development of Schnorr signature technology was unlocked by the \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-segregated-witness-segwit/\">SegWit\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> protocol. SegWit dealt with a bug in the Bitcoin protocol commonly known as \u003Cstrong>transaction malleability\u003C/strong>, which had made it possible to modify transaction hashes and, consequently, IDs. While not the project’s initial objective, SegWit turned out to be a significant step in the scaling debate that had puzzled the Bitcoin community for years.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Bitcoin’s popularity led to the need for scaling. Coupled with the fact that BTC is the first cryptocurrency to have been released to the public, its long-standing status as the cryptocurrency with the largest market cap and the consistency of technical improvements, among which Schnorr signatures are very important, make BTC the most prominent of cryptocurrencies, and often the first cryptocurrency that a user buys with ordinary money.\u003C/p>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"July 29th, 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Kingdom",{},{},{"title":195,"content":17,"items":196},"Contact",[197,202,206,210,214,218,223,228],{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":198,"value":199,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":200,"geofencings":201},"Customer 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":224,"value":225,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":226,"geofencings":227},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":229,"value":230,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":231,"geofencings":232},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",[236,239,243,247,251,255,259,263,267,271],{"title":32,"url":237,"geofencings":238},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":240,"url":241,"geofencings":242},"Company profiles","/en-gb/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":244,"url":245,"geofencings":246},"Crypto 101","/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":248,"url":249,"geofencings":250},"Crypto definitions","/en-gb/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":252,"url":253,"geofencings":254},"Crypto trading","/en-gb/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":256,"url":257,"geofencings":258},"Cryptocurrency guide","/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{},{"title":260,"url":261,"geofencings":262},"People profiles","/en-gb/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":264,"url":265,"geofencings":266},"Security","/en-gb/learn/security/",{},{"title":268,"url":269,"geofencings":270},"Tutorials","/en-gb/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":272,"url":273,"geofencings":274},"Web3","/en-gb/learn/web3/",{},{"items":276,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":322,"backButtonText":323,"logInButtonText":324,"signUpButtonText":325},[277,282,288,291,295,300,305,308,313,318],{"headerName":278,"sidemenuName":119,"url":279,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},"Institutions","/en-gb/institutional-trading/",{},[],{"headerName":283,"sidemenuName":283,"url":284,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":285,"submenu":286,"tag":287},"Derivatives","/perpetual-futures/",{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":134,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":289,"submenu":290,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":292,"sidemenuName":292,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":293,"submenu":294,"tag":17},"Mobile App",{},[],{"headerName":296,"sidemenuName":296,"url":297,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":298,"submenu":299,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":301,"sidemenuName":301,"url":302,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":303,"submenu":304,"tag":17},"Earn Stake","/en-gb/crypto-staking/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":306,"submenu":307,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":309,"sidemenuName":309,"url":310,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":311,"submenu":312,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":314,"sidemenuName":314,"url":315,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":316,"submenu":317,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":319,"sidemenuName":319,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":320,"submenu":321,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",1775563004217]