[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":326},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-GB-what-is-sharding-on-ethereum":3,"en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-sharding-on-ethereum-en-GB-seo":57,"footer-en-GB":62,"navigation-en-GB-learn-center":235,"api/learn-categories-en-GB":286},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What is sharding on Ethereum?","What is sharding on Ethereum? - Bitstamp Learn Center","What is sharding on Ethereum? How will it enable Ethereum to scale? - Learn more on the Bitstamp Learn Center",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_21svg_5adb3672a4_19c34c184e.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",192,108,"1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_21svg_5adb3672a4.svg","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/learn/blockchain/what-is-sharding-on-ethereum/","en",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/blockchain/what-is-sharding-on-ethereum/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-sharding-on-ethereum/","en-GB",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/blockchain/","Blockchain technology",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"what-is-sharding-on-ethereum",false,"\u003Cp>The dawn of blockchain technology has revolutionized the world in ways nobody could have imagined. But while blockchains exhibit an unprecedented potential for technological advancements, they are inhibited by their sluggish transaction rates. Ethereum can currently process up to 15 transactions per second, whereas non-blockchain systems like Visa and MasterCard can potentially process thousands of transactions within the same time frame.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>The dawn of blockchain technology has revolutionized the world in ways nobody could have imagined. But while blockchains exhibit an unprecedented potential for technological advancements, they are inhibited by their sluggish transaction rates. Ethereum can currently process up to 15 transactions per second, whereas non-blockchain systems like Visa and MasterCard can potentially process thousands of transactions within the same time frame.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Sharding is a \u003Cstrong>layer 1 \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-blockchain-scaling/\">scaling solution\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>. It is planned for implementation on the Ethereum blockchain together with the \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/what-is-proof-of-stake-pos/\">proof of stake\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> protocol. According to Ethereum’s co-founder Vitalik Buterin, the implementation of sharding could potentially increase Ethereum’s transaction-per-second rate one hundred times, facilitating a much greater network throughput. In addition, sharding is complementary to other scaling solutions like \u003Cstrong>Polygon\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Sharding Essentials\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Sharding is a layer 1 scaling solution.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Sharding splits the blockchain into multiple partitions.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Each partition has its own set of validators.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>According to Vitalik Buterin, sharding could scale Ethereum 100-fold.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Sharding is complementary to other scaling solutions, e.g. Polygon .\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>The architecture of sharding\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>To understand how sharding will work, we must first understand how proof-of-stake blockchains work in general. Each node stores all states of the network and processes all transactions. Combined together, all nodes keep a common ledger of the transaction history, enforcing their common version onto any node with different data. But the fact that all nodes do everything stalls the network.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>If proof of stake were implemented without sharding, new blocks would be added to the blockchain by \u003Cstrong>validators\u003C/strong> (not miners, as is the case with \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/what-is-proof-of-work-pow/\">proof of work\u003C/a>). Also called \u003Cstrong>minters\u003C/strong>, these validators would be responsible for confirming each new block in the blockchain. They would do so by staking a portion of their ether and casting their votes. If they validated a corrupted block, they would lose the ether they had staked once the consensus proved their minting corrupt.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>By contrast, if sharding were to accompany the implementation of proof of stake, the story would go a bit differently. Not all validators would validate all blocks. Rather, the blockchain would be split according to the \u003Cstrong>horizontal partitioning principle\u003C/strong>. This would break the network into smaller groups or pieces. Then, each partition would have its own set of validators in charge of validating the blocks of transactions that occur in that partition.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The primary objective of sharding is to continuously structure a system that ensures data is chunked in small enough units and spread across enough nodes that data operations are not bound by resource constraints.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Put simply, decentralized networks become slower as the number of nodes in the network increases. However, this effect can be toned down – the more sharded a network is, the faster it gets. It should be noted that each shard needs a sufficient number of nodes to ensure an adequate level of security.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Drawbacks of sharding\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>One of the most notable disadvantages of sharding has to do with network security. Because each blockchain shard or partition is considered a unit in its own right, it can also be attacked in isolation. And because a shard is smaller than the entire network, the effort needed to attack a single shard is much lesser than when attacking the entire network.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Another downside of sharding is the fact that it has a \u003Cstrong>single point of failure\u003C/strong>. This means that the corruption of one shard, be it due to network, hardware, or system errors, would result in the failure of the entire table of shards. Ethereum’s developers will have to address this issue before implementing their sharding solution.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>How will Sharding scale Ethereum?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>According to Vitalik Buterin, one of the founders of Ethereum, sharding could potentially scale the Ethereum blockchain 100 times. This means that the current transaction throughput, which amounts to about 15 transactions per second, could be increased to 1,500 transactions per second. This would make it faster than certain global payment protocols, e.g. Paypal.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In theory, sharding could greatly help scale \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-ethereum-eth/\">Ethereum\u003C/a>. If its implementation  is a success, Ethereum will be on par with the fastest payment protocols in the world, e.g. Visa and MasterCard. This could pave the way for its widespread adoption in the world of monetary transactions.\u003C/p>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"July 29th, 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":224,"value":225,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":226,"geofencings":227},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":229,"value":230,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":231,"geofencings":232},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"items":236,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":282,"backButtonText":283,"logInButtonText":284,"signUpButtonText":285},[237,242,248,251,255,260,265,268,273,278],{"headerName":238,"sidemenuName":119,"url":239,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":240,"submenu":241,"tag":17},"Institutions","/en-gb/institutional-trading/",{},[],{"headerName":243,"sidemenuName":243,"url":244,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":245,"submenu":246,"tag":247},"Derivatives","/perpetual-futures/",{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":134,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":249,"submenu":250,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":252,"sidemenuName":252,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":253,"submenu":254,"tag":17},"Mobile App",{},[],{"headerName":256,"sidemenuName":256,"url":257,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":258,"submenu":259,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":261,"sidemenuName":261,"url":262,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":263,"submenu":264,"tag":17},"Earn Stake","/en-gb/crypto-staking/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":266,"submenu":267,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":269,"sidemenuName":269,"url":270,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":271,"submenu":272,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":274,"sidemenuName":274,"url":275,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":276,"submenu":277,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":279,"sidemenuName":279,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[287,290,294,298,302,306,310,314,318,322],{"title":32,"url":288,"geofencings":289},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":291,"url":292,"geofencings":293},"Company profiles","/en-gb/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":295,"url":296,"geofencings":297},"Crypto 101","/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":299,"url":300,"geofencings":301},"Crypto definitions","/en-gb/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":303,"url":304,"geofencings":305},"Crypto trading","/en-gb/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":307,"url":308,"geofencings":309},"Cryptocurrency guide","/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{},{"title":311,"url":312,"geofencings":313},"People profiles","/en-gb/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":315,"url":316,"geofencings":317},"Security","/en-gb/learn/security/",{},{"title":319,"url":320,"geofencings":321},"Tutorials","/en-gb/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":323,"url":324,"geofencings":325},"Web3","/en-gb/learn/web3/",{},1775055482136]