[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":326},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-GB-what-is-the-lightning-network":3,"en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-the-lightning-network-en-GB-seo":57,"footer-en-GB":62,"navigation-en-GB-learn-center":235,"api/learn-categories-en-GB":286},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What is the Lightning Network?","What is the Lightning Network? - Bitstamp Learn Center","What is the lightning network? How will it lighten the load of the Bitcoin network? - Learn more on the Bitstamp Learn Center",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_05svg_dbb919855d_bbc659f5f6.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",192,108,"1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_05svg_dbb919855d.svg","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/learn/blockchain/what-is-the-lightning-network/","en",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/blockchain/what-is-the-lightning-network/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-the-lightning-network/","en-GB",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/blockchain/","Blockchain technology",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"what-is-the-lightning-network",false,"\u003Cp>In 2009, \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/people-profiles/satoshi-nakamoto/\">Satoshi Nakamoto\u003C/a> created \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-btc/\">Bitcoin\u003C/a>, the first-ever \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-a-blockchain/\">blockchain\u003C/a>, and its BTC cryptocurrency. Upon its inception, BTC drew the interest of global markets, and today, countless merchants all around the world accept it as a payment method.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>In 2009, \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/people-profiles/satoshi-nakamoto/\">Satoshi Nakamoto\u003C/a> created \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-btc/\">Bitcoin\u003C/a>, the first-ever \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-a-blockchain/\">blockchain\u003C/a>, and its BTC cryptocurrency. Upon its inception, BTC drew the interest of global markets, and today, countless merchants all around the world accept it as a payment method.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>But there are limitations to payments with cryptocurrencies like bitcoin. Transactions are only finalized once they are included in the next \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/what-are-blocks-in-the-blockchain/\">block in the blockchain\u003C/a>. The time to \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/what-is-crypto-mining/\">mine\u003C/a> a new Bitcoin block is around 10 minutes, which means that it will take at least 10 minutes for an initiated transaction to be complete. To be doubly safe, merchants and exchanges usually require a couple of blocks to be added to the blockchain after the one containing your transaction, thus further extending the time before your transaction is truly complete.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To mitigate this issue, Bitcoin developers are looking into so-called \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-are-layer-2-solutions/\">layer 2 scaling solutions\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>. These are aimed at scaling the blockchain and increasing its transaction throughput. This article discusses the \u003Cstrong>Lightning Network\u003C/strong>, one of Bitcoin's most popular layer 2 solutions.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Lightning Network Essentials\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>The Lightning Network is Bitcoin’s layer 2 scaling solution.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The Lightning Network utilizes off-chain payment channels to lighten the load of the blockchain.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Transactions are processed within payment channels.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Only the initial and final balances of the transactors are written to the blockchain.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The Lightning Network reduces fees and increases the transaction throughput.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>History and background of the Lightning Network\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Soon after its creation, the Bitcoin network began growing quickly. Developers realized that a 1 MB \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/what-is-block-size/\">block size\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> and 10 minute \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/what-is-block-time/\">block time\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> only allow for 3-7 transactions per second. The first scaling solutions proposed were increasing block size and reducing block time. In essence, this is how \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-cash-bch/\">Bitcoin Cash\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-litecoin-ltc/\">Litecoin\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> were created.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Then came \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-segregated-witness-segwit/\">SegWit\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>. At first, it was intended to fix transaction malleability—it prevented people from modifying transaction IDs by changing signatures. While it was not the primary intention, SegWit laid the foundation for the development of the Lightning Network.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In 2015, Thaddeus Dryja and Joseph Poon published a whitepaper with their idea for the Lightning Network. They envisioned it as an external layer on top of the Bitcoin blockchain. This layer would be able to pass transactions back and forth between users before adding them to the underlying blockchain. But it would take several years before the Lightning Network would reach the public.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Basics of payment channels\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>To understand how the Lightning Network functions, let us first take a look at a simple payment channel between two individuals. For example, Sarah and Jose transact on a regular basis, and because they do not want to waste too much money on fees, they decide to open a payment channel in the Lightning Network. To do so, they must first open a \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/security/what-is-a-multisig-wallet/\">double-signed Lightning Network wallet\u003C/a>. Then, they must each deposit a certain amount of BTC to this wallet, which they can then use in their channel.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Let us say that each of them deposits 2 BTC. Afterwards, they can engage in unlimited transactions within their payment channel, with the total balance of the channel consistently amounting to 4 BTC. In other words, transactions between Sarah and Jose are only redistributions of the BTC in their shared wallet. Each transaction re-allocates ownership of the funds transferred.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Sarah and Jose can keep their payment channel open for any amount of time. But as long as their payment channel remains open, they cannot use the BTC in their double-signed wallet outside of their payment channel. This would only be possible once they close their payment channel. When that happens, the final balances of their payment channel are broadcast onto the Bitcoin blockchain.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>By using the Lightning Network, Sarah and Jose avoid having to wait for a new block in the Bitcoin blockchain for each transaction to reach practical finality. Moreover, they also avoid mining fees for each of the transactions between them.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Lightning is a web of payment channels\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Payment channels alone are quite limited, since they only allow transacting between two people. If you wanted to send money to Jose, you would have to have a payment channel opened with him.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>So, if you want to transact with Jose, the Lightning Network makes it possible to send BTC even if you do not have a channel open directly with him. The network routes your transaction through other channels to find Jose. How quickly and efficiently this happens depends on how well connected you are. Usually, all you need is to open a channel with a popular node (someone who has a lot of payment channels).\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Lightning goes live\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>After going through a beta testing phase in 2018, the Lightning Network eventually reached the public. Much improved and polished, it is now available to everyone, through many different apps that offer a simple interface to the everyday user. Though some still warn of potential quirks and bugs, projects, such as the \u003Cstrong>Lightning Torch\u003C/strong> (a passing of an ever increasing amount of BTC through the network by members endorsing its use) demonstrate the potency of this layer 2 solution.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Lightning Network appears to be a promising way forward for the Bitcoin network. Aside from \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-is-blockchain-scaling/\">scaling\u003C/a> the network and increasing its throughput, it also reduces the fees. Another feature that benefits greatly from the Lightning Network is called \u003Cstrong>atomic swaps\u003C/strong>. In theory, these  will enable currencies to be exchanged among different blockchains, say Bitcoin and Litecoin.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Widespread adoption of the Lightning Network could solve many of Bitcoin’s limitations. In this case, the Bitcoin protocol would be able to live up to its true potential. Not only would it finally be on par with the world’s leading payment service providers, like Visa and Mastercard, but it could even surpass them, with a potential throughput of millions of transactions per second.\u003C/p>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"July 29th, 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Kingdom",{},{},{"title":195,"content":17,"items":196},"Contact",[197,202,206,210,214,218,223,228],{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":198,"value":199,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":200,"geofencings":201},"Customer 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":224,"value":225,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":226,"geofencings":227},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":229,"value":230,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":231,"geofencings":232},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"items":236,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":282,"backButtonText":283,"logInButtonText":284,"signUpButtonText":285},[237,242,248,251,255,260,265,268,273,278],{"headerName":238,"sidemenuName":119,"url":239,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":240,"submenu":241,"tag":17},"Institutions","/en-gb/institutional-trading/",{},[],{"headerName":243,"sidemenuName":243,"url":244,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":245,"submenu":246,"tag":247},"Derivatives","/perpetual-futures/",{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":134,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":249,"submenu":250,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":252,"sidemenuName":252,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":253,"submenu":254,"tag":17},"Mobile App",{},[],{"headerName":256,"sidemenuName":256,"url":257,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":258,"submenu":259,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":261,"sidemenuName":261,"url":262,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":263,"submenu":264,"tag":17},"Earn Stake","/en-gb/crypto-staking/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":266,"submenu":267,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":269,"sidemenuName":269,"url":270,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":271,"submenu":272,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":274,"sidemenuName":274,"url":275,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":276,"submenu":277,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":279,"sidemenuName":279,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[287,290,294,298,302,306,310,314,318,322],{"title":32,"url":288,"geofencings":289},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":291,"url":292,"geofencings":293},"Company profiles","/en-gb/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":295,"url":296,"geofencings":297},"Crypto 101","/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":299,"url":300,"geofencings":301},"Crypto definitions","/en-gb/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":303,"url":304,"geofencings":305},"Crypto trading","/en-gb/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":307,"url":308,"geofencings":309},"Cryptocurrency guide","/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{},{"title":311,"url":312,"geofencings":313},"People profiles","/en-gb/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":315,"url":316,"geofencings":317},"Security","/en-gb/learn/security/",{},{"title":319,"url":320,"geofencings":321},"Tutorials","/en-gb/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":323,"url":324,"geofencings":325},"Web3","/en-gb/learn/web3/",{},1777988197970]