[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":326},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-GB-retail-institutional-and-high-frequency-trading":3,"en-gb/learn/crypto-trading/retail-institutional-and-high-frequency-trading-en-GB-seo":57,"footer-en-GB":62,"navigation-en-GB-learn-center":235,"api/learn-categories-en-GB":286},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"Retail, institutional and high-frequency trading","Retail, institutional and high-frequency trading - Crypto Trading","The investment options that used to be reserved only for institutional investors are no longer limited to the exclusive elite. Learn about crypto trading.",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_43svg_818cbc2854_8b81bc8ddc.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",192,108,"1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_43svg_818cbc2854.svg","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/learn/crypto-trading/retail-institutional-and-high-frequency-trading/","en",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/crypto-trading/retail-institutional-and-high-frequency-trading/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/en-gb/learn/crypto-trading/retail-institutional-and-high-frequency-trading/","en-GB",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/crypto-trading/","Crypto trading",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"retail-institutional-and-high-frequency-trading",false,"\u003Cp>The crypto market caters to many types of investors, from those trading in their spare time to full-time investors. The advent of technology brings investment opportunities into our homes. Nowadays everyone can easily become a \u003Cstrong>retail trader\u003C/strong> (a non-professional investor). The investment options that used to be reserved only for \u003Cstrong>institutional investors\u003C/strong> (professional traders and companies) are no longer limited to the exclusive elite. Even advanced \u003Cstrong>high-frequency trading\u003C/strong> (or \u003Cstrong>HFT\u003C/strong>) is now available to just about everyone.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>The crypto market caters to many types of investors, from those trading in their spare time to full-time investors. The advent of technology brings investment opportunities into our homes. Nowadays everyone can easily become a \u003Cstrong>retail trader\u003C/strong> (a non-professional investor). The investment options that used to be reserved only for \u003Cstrong>institutional investors\u003C/strong> (professional traders and companies) are no longer limited to the exclusive elite. Even advanced \u003Cstrong>high-frequency trading\u003C/strong> (or \u003Cstrong>HFT\u003C/strong>) is now available to just about everyone.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Retail, institutional and HFT essentials\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Retail investors are non-professional investors who trade in small amounts.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Institutional investors are organizations that trade in large quantities and often have access to advanced financial instruments.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>High-frequency trading uses computers to conduct many trades in a small amount of time.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>Retail investors\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Retail investors\u003C/strong> are non-professional investors who usually trade infrequently and in relatively small amounts. Investing is not their full-time occupation or a major source of income. When it comes to cryptocurrencies, they do most of the trading through \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/crypto-trading/how-does-a-crypto-exchange-work/\">online crypto exchanges\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Traditionally, the trading volume of a retail investor was measured in \u003Cstrong>round lots\u003C/strong> (lots of 100 shares). However, contemporary exchanges allow for much smaller numbers. When it comes to cryptocurrency giants, such as \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-btc/\">BTC\u003C/a>, it is not just possible, but common, to trade in single digits or even decimals. The trading volume with which retail investors operate is not big enough to have an impact on the price of what they’re trading.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Retail traders are considered to have limited expertise and ability to research the market. They are vulnerable to behavioral biases, such as FUD (fear, uncertainty and doubt that prevents a trader from executing a trading action) or \u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/crypto-trading/what-is-fomo/\">FOMO\u003C/a>. To a retail trader, the early performance of a cryptocurrency can be crucial for their investment choices. In order to protect them, traditional markets and exchanges employ a series of protective regulations.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In the crypto industry, regulation has historically left something to be desired. Many crypto projects had no ambition or intention to be subject to regulation, with some avoiding it intentionally. Recently, this has been changing dramatically, with many actors in the crypto industry striving for a more firm regulatory approach. This is in no small part thanks to industry participants such as Bitstamp by Robinhood, whose efforts were instrumental in crypto reaching the level of regulation the likes of which can be encountered in traditional markets.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Institutional investors\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Institutional investors\u003C/strong> are usually not individuals, but organizations that trade in large quantities on behalf of their members. Institutional investors have always had access to advanced trading options. They are considered more knowledgeable and better able to protect themselves, so they face fewer protective regulations.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Institutional investors conduct much larger trades than retail investors. The arbitrary limit in trade volume that makes one an institutional investor is 10,000 – that’s how many shares there are in a \u003Cstrong>block trade\u003C/strong>. Whether shares or units of crypto, this kind of volume makes them eligible for preferential treatment and lower commissions at exchanges.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Such trades can also have a substantial impact on the price of the asset they’re investing in. There have been several instances when a \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/en-gb/learn/crypto-trading/what-are-whales/\">whale\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> (a large investor) caused a noticeable shift in the market trend of a cryptocurrency. In order to lessen their impact, institutional traders often split their trades across multiple exchanges and conduct them over an extended period of time.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>High-frequency trading\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>High-frequency trading\u003C/strong> (or \u003Cstrong>HFT\u003C/strong>) takes the reins of trade-making out of people’s hands and hands them over to powerful computers. These use advanced algorithms to carefully analyse market trends and conduct a huge number of trades in a matter of seconds. Their speed is what sets them apart from personal trading. Lightning-fast execution translates into profitable trades.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>HFT is not only desirable among traders for its profit-making potential, but it also benefits exchanges on account of its ability to add \u003Cstrong>liquidity\u003C/strong> to the market – it was popularized by exchanges incentivizing market liquidity. HFT also goes a long way to eliminate human error, trusting only complex mathematical processes to conduct trading.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>However, the liquidity that HFT produces can come and go in only a couple of seconds. Many claim it is therefore not beneficial at all and call it “\u003Cstrong>ghost liquidity\u003C/strong>.” Furthermore, HFT users place unconditional trust in the infallibility of its algorithm. But the algorithm is only as good as the person who wrote it. Should there be an error, millions can be lost in the blink of an eye.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Whatever type of trader you may be, individual or institutional, it is easiest and safest to trade through a reliable exchange. Bitstamp by Robinhood is the world’s longest-running cryptocurrency exchange, and has earned the trust of over four million retail and institutional traders all over the world.\u003C/p>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"July 29th, 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Kingdom",{},{},{"title":195,"content":17,"items":196},"Contact",[197,202,206,210,214,218,223,228],{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":198,"value":199,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":200,"geofencings":201},"Customer 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":224,"value":225,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":226,"geofencings":227},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":229,"value":230,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":231,"geofencings":232},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"items":236,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":282,"backButtonText":283,"logInButtonText":284,"signUpButtonText":285},[237,242,248,251,255,260,265,268,273,278],{"headerName":238,"sidemenuName":119,"url":239,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":240,"submenu":241,"tag":17},"Institutions","/en-gb/institutional-trading/",{},[],{"headerName":243,"sidemenuName":243,"url":244,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":245,"submenu":246,"tag":247},"Derivatives","/perpetual-futures/",{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":134,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":249,"submenu":250,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":252,"sidemenuName":252,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":253,"submenu":254,"tag":17},"Mobile App",{},[],{"headerName":256,"sidemenuName":256,"url":257,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":258,"submenu":259,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":261,"sidemenuName":261,"url":262,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":263,"submenu":264,"tag":17},"Earn Stake","/en-gb/crypto-staking/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":266,"submenu":267,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":269,"sidemenuName":269,"url":270,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":271,"submenu":272,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":274,"sidemenuName":274,"url":275,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":276,"submenu":277,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":279,"sidemenuName":279,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[287,291,295,299,303,306,310,314,318,322],{"title":288,"url":289,"geofencings":290},"Blockchain technology","/en-gb/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":292,"url":293,"geofencings":294},"Company profiles","/en-gb/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":296,"url":297,"geofencings":298},"Crypto 101","/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":300,"url":301,"geofencings":302},"Crypto definitions","/en-gb/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":32,"url":304,"geofencings":305},"/en-gb/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":307,"url":308,"geofencings":309},"Cryptocurrency guide","/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{},{"title":311,"url":312,"geofencings":313},"People profiles","/en-gb/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":315,"url":316,"geofencings":317},"Security","/en-gb/learn/security/",{},{"title":319,"url":320,"geofencings":321},"Tutorials","/en-gb/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":323,"url":324,"geofencings":325},"Web3","/en-gb/learn/web3/",{},1776263813828]