[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":347},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-what-are-accounts-on-ethereum":3,"footer-en":57,"learn/blockchain/what-are-accounts-on-ethereum-en-seo":255,"navigation-en-learn-center":260,"api/learn-categories-en":308},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What are accounts on Ethereum?","What are accounts on Ethereum? - Bitstamp Learn Center","What are accounts on Ethereum? How do they help you receive and store ETH? - Learn more on the Bitstamp Learn Center",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_23svg_5a4889407c_2b13e015d5.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",192,108,"1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_23svg_5a4889407c.svg","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-are-accounts-on-ethereum/","en-GB",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/blockchain/what-are-accounts-on-ethereum/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/learn/blockchain/what-are-accounts-on-ethereum/","en",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/blockchain/","Blockchain technology",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"what-are-accounts-on-ethereum",false,"\u003Cp>In most of the world, you require a bank account capable of storing the currency that is native in your country of residence or work. Without this bank account, you would have nowhere to receive the funds owed to you. A similar situation holds true for \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-ethereum-eth/\">ether (ETH)\u003C/a> or virtually any other cryptocurrency out there. In order to \u003Ca href=\"/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/how-to-send-and-receive-ethereum-eth/\">receive\u003C/a> and \u003Ca href=\"/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/how-to-store-ethereum-eth/\">store ETH\u003C/a>, you need an \u003Cstrong>Ethereum account\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>An account is the minimum storage requirement, just like an address in the Bitcoin protocol. The concept of an \u003Cstrong>account\u003C/strong> is different than that of a \u003Cstrong>wallet\u003C/strong>, which can, in fact, manage multiple accounts. There are two types of accounts on Ethereum – namely \u003Cstrong>externally owned accounts\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>contract accounts\u003C/strong>, which differ fundamentally from each other, but nonetheless also share certain similarities.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Ethereum Account Essentials\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>An account is the most basic means of storing of ETH.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>There are two types of accounts on Ethereum:\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>An \u003Cstrong>externally owned account (EOA)\u003C/strong> is controlled by a private key.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>A \u003Cstrong>contract account (CA)\u003C/strong> is controlled by a piece of code in place of the private key.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ol>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Each account, regardless of its type consists of the following four elements:\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Nonce\u003C/strong> – a number corresponding to the amount of (a) transactions sent from or (b) contracts created by an account\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Balance\u003C/strong> – amount of wei owned by an account\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>StorageRoot\u003C/strong> – a hash of the root node of a hash tree that encodes the storage contents of the account\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>codeHash\u003C/strong> – a hash of the account’s EVM code\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ol>\n\u003Cp>ETHEREUM ACCOUNT ESSENTIALS\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>An account is the most basic means of storing of ETH.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>There are two types of accounts on Ethereum:\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>An externally owned account (EOA) is controlled by a private key.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>A contract account (CA) is controlled by a piece of code in place of the private key.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>Each account, regardless of its type consists of the following four elements:\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>Nonce – a number corresponding to the amount of (a) transactions sent from or (b) contracts created by an account\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>Balance – amount of wei owned by an account\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>storageRoot – a hash of the root node of a hash tree that encodes the storage contents of the account\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>codeHash – a hash of the account’s EVM code\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>Types of accounts\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>First of all, there are two types of accounts in terms of how they are controlled. \u003Cstrong>Externally owned accounts\u003C/strong>, also initialized to \u003Cstrong>EOAs\u003C/strong>, are ordinary user accounts which are basically just pairs of \u003Ca href=\"/learn/security/what-are-private-and-public-keys/\">private and public keys\u003C/a>. The other type are so-called \u003Cstrong>contract accounts\u003C/strong>. Unlike externally owned accounts, which are controlled by a private key, a contract account is controlled by code.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Externally owned account\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>The basic function of an externally owned account is that it can hold an ether balance. Externally owned accounts are further capable of sending and receiving transactions.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The concept of externally owned accounts is quite similar to the concept of addresses in the Bitcoin protocol. That being said, an Ethereum account is controlled by a private key that corresponds to its public key. The latter is hashed to determine the account address, while the former is used to generate signatures and authorize outbound transactions.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>But because the Ethereum blockchain has an extended functionality that goes beyond that of the Bitcoin protocol, sending a transaction from an externally owned account is not limited to cryptocurrency transfers alone. Instead, an account is also capable of triggering contract code, meaning that it can be used to deploy smart contracts or trigger smart contract functionality.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Contract account\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Much like an externally owned account, a contract account (sometimes spelled contracts account) can hold a balance of ether or \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-erc20/\">ERC-20\u003C/a> tokens. However, while externally owned accounts are controlled by a private key, this is not the case with contract accounts.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Unlike externally owned accounts, contract accounts are controlled by smart contract code. This means that there is no private key that would allow an external owner of the account to spend the coins held at the contract account’s address. Instead, code execution is triggered by transactions or messages (i.e. calls) that are received from other contracts.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Whenever called upon, a contract account performs various operations of arbitrary complexity. A contract account can manipulate its persistent storage (storage that is retained even if you are not connected to the Ethereum network; similar to HDD as opposed to RAM on your computer), which means that its state is not always the same and can change when the account is called upon. Additionally, a contract account is able to call other contracts.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>The architecture of an account\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Regardless of whether considering an \u003Cstrong>externally owned account\u003C/strong> (a user account controlled by a private key) or a \u003Cstrong>contract account\u003C/strong> (an account controlled by code), each Ethereum account has a basic state that always comprises the following four elements:\u003C/p>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>Firstly, there is the \u003Cstrong>nonce\u003C/strong>. In the case of externally owned accounts, nonces represent the number of transactions sent from the account’s address. For contract accounts, the nonce is the number of contracts created by the account.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Then there is \u003Cstrong>balance\u003C/strong>, which refers to the amount of wei owned by the account address. There are 10^18 wei per one unit of ether.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The third constituent is the so-called \u003Cstrong>storageRoot\u003C/strong>, which is a 256-bit hash that encodes the account’s stored contents.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The last part is the \u003Cstrong>codeHash\u003C/strong>, which is the hash of the account’s EVM code. Since hashing is deterministic, the codeHash is immutable and cannot be altered after generation. When it comes to externally owned accounts, which contain no smart contract code, an empty string is hashed to create the codeHash.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ol>\n\u003Cp>If you are interested in investing in ETH, the easiest and safest way to do so is to allow a reliable, professional exchange to sort out all the details for you, so you can concentrate on your investment. Bitstamp by Robinhood is the world’s longest-standing exchange, and one of the few in the world that allows you to trade fiat currency for cryptocurrencies like ETH.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"August 10th, 2022",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":53},{},{"previous":55,"next":56},"/learn/blockchain/unpacking-complexities-around-cryptos-energy-consumption/","/learn/blockchain/what-are-actively-validated-services-avss-understanding-avss-in-blockchain/",{"ready":33,"sections":58,"disclaimer":253,"copyright":254},[59,102,130,153,190,209],{"title":60,"content":17,"items":61},"About",[62,67,72,77,82,87,92,97],{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":36,"name":63,"value":64,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":65,"geofencings":66},"Who We 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Kingdom",{},{},{"title":210,"content":17,"items":211},"Contact",[212,217,221,225,229,233,238,243,248],{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":213,"value":214,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":215,"geofencings":216},"Customer support","/customer-support/",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":218,"value":218,"isEmail":33,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":219,"geofencings":220},"info@bitstamp.net",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":222,"value":222,"isEmail":33,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":223,"geofencings":224},"press@bitstamp.net",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":226,"value":226,"isEmail":33,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":227,"geofencings":228},"support@bitstamp.net",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":230,"value":230,"isEmail":33,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":231,"geofencings":232},"complaints@bitstamp.net",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":234,"value":235,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":236,"geofencings":237},"+44 20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":239,"value":240,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":241,"geofencings":242},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":244,"value":245,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":246,"geofencings":247},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":249,"value":250,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":251,"geofencings":252},"+65 3105 1676","+6531051676",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":7,"ogDescription":7,"ogImage":256,"twitterImage":256,"twitterSite":257,"twitterCreator":257,"twitterCard":258,"twitterTitle":6,"twitterDescription":7,"titleTemplate":259},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_23svg_5a4889407c_2b13e015d5.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":261,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":304,"backButtonText":305,"logInButtonText":306,"signUpButtonText":307},[262,266,270,273,276,279,282,287,290,295,300],{"headerName":263,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":264,"submenu":265,"tag":17},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":126,"sidemenuName":126,"url":127,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":267,"submenu":268,"tag":269},{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":149,"sidemenuName":149,"url":150,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":271,"submenu":272,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":106,"sidemenuName":106,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":274,"submenu":275,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":116,"sidemenuName":116,"url":117,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":277,"submenu":278,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":121,"sidemenuName":121,"url":122,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},{"geofencing-uk":33},[],{"headerName":283,"sidemenuName":283,"url":284,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":285,"submenu":286,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":288,"submenu":289,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":291,"sidemenuName":291,"url":292,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":293,"submenu":294,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":296,"sidemenuName":296,"url":297,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":298,"submenu":299,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":301,"sidemenuName":301,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":302,"submenu":303,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[309,311,315,319,323,327,331,335,339,343],{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":310},{},{"title":312,"url":313,"geofencings":314},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":316,"url":317,"geofencings":318},"Crypto 101","/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":320,"url":321,"geofencings":322},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":324,"url":325,"geofencings":326},"Crypto trading","/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":328,"url":329,"geofencings":330},"Cryptocurrency guide","/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{"geofencing-uk":33},{"title":332,"url":333,"geofencings":334},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":336,"url":337,"geofencings":338},"Security","/learn/security/",{},{"title":340,"url":341,"geofencings":342},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":344,"url":345,"geofencings":346},"Web3","/learn/web3/",{},1777894669843]