[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":346},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-what-are-actively-validated-services-avss-understanding-avss-in-blockchain":3,"footer-en":56,"learn/blockchain/what-are-actively-validated-services-avss-understanding-avss-in-blockchain-en-seo":254,"navigation-en-learn-center":259,"api/learn-categories-en":307},{"seo":4,"locale":21,"breadcrumbs":22,"excerpt":30,"featuredImage":31,"components":38,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":49,"geofencings":50,"category":51,"pagination":53,"campaignExternalId":7},{"title":5,"metaTitle":5,"metaDescription":6,"keywords":7,"metaRobots":7,"structuredData":8,"metaImage":9,"metaSocial":17,"canonicalURL":7,"localizations":18},"What Are Actively Validated Services (AVSs)? Understanding AVSs in Blockchain ","Actively Validated Services (AVSs) are a critical component in ensuring the reliability and security of blockchain networks.  ",null,{},{"url":10,"mime":11,"ext":12,"width":13,"height":14,"name":15,"alt":16},"bitstampImageUrl/what_are_actively_validated_services_avs_understanding_avs_in_blockchain_a63aee2474_2ddde0c413.png","image/png",".png",900,451,"what_are_actively_validated_services_avs_understanding_avs_in_blockchain_a63aee2474.png","",[],[19],{"pathname":20,"locale":21},"/learn/blockchain/what-are-actively-validated-services-avss-understanding-avss-in-blockchain/","en",[23,27],{"id":24,"text":25,"url":24,"asUrl":26},"/learn/blockchain/","Blockchain technology",true,{"id":28,"text":5,"url":20,"asUrl":29},"what-are-actively-validated-services-avss-understanding-avss-in-blockchain",false,"\u003Cp>Actively Validated Services (AVSs) are a critical component in ensuring the reliability and security of blockchain networks.  \u003C/p>\n",{"url":32,"mime":33,"ext":34,"width":35,"height":36,"name":37,"alt":16},"bitstampImageUrl/what_are_actively_validated_services_avs_understanding_avs_in_blockchain_1197bdb30c_3b4ce1d1d4.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",1920,1080,"what_are_actively_validated_services_avs_understanding_avs_in_blockchain_1197bdb30c.svg",[39],{"component":40,"props":41,"content":42,"secondaryContent":46,"ctas":47,"secondaryCtas":48,"ctasNoMarginTop":29},"section.full-text",{"centered":29,"withoutSectionContainer":29},{"text":43,"width":44,"align":45},"\u003Ch2>Understanding the role of AVSs in the blockchain ecosystem\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Over the years since its genesis, thousands of apps and tokens have been launched on \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-ethereum-eth/\">Ethereum\u003C/a>, giving it a significant first-mover and network advantage. As the network grew in popularity, demand for additional services and functionality, such as access to off-chain data, additional data storage, or faster processing, also increased. Ethereum itself became slower and more expensive under the weight of congestion, creating further demand for \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/blockchain/what-is-blockchain-scaling/\">scalability\u003C/a>.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Thus, as the Ethereum dApp ecosystem has grown, the supporting infrastructure that’s able to interact with the ecosystem has also developed. Examples include \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/blockchain/what-are-layer-2-solutions/\">Layer 2s\u003C/a> and \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/blockchain/what-are-sidechains/\">side chains\u003C/a>, \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/blockchain/what-are-oracles/\">oracles\u003C/a>, \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/blockchain/what-are-blockchain-bridges/\">bridges\u003C/a>, \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/security/how-private-is-blockchain/\">privacy\u003C/a> protocols, and more.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>However, to preserve decentralization, many projects set up their \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/security/what-are-blockchain-consensus-rules/\">consensus\u003C/a> mechanisms from scratch, which created fragmentation. These networks inevitably operate with a small number of nodes, making them easy targets for attacks. Fragmentation doesn’t serve Ethereum either since it can draw value away from staked \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/markets/eth/eur/\">ETH\u003C/a>.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>These external utilities or infrastructural services may not be able to access Ethereum’s security in the same way as \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/crypto-101/what-are-decentralized-applications-dapps/\">dApps\u003C/a> can, but dApps can benefit significantly from features, such as \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/blockchain/what-is-blockchain-interoperability-the-future-of-connected-chains/\">interoperability\u003C/a> or access to off-chain data, that these services provide.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This is where actively validated services come in. AVSs are services that can tap into the underlying security of Ethereum’s proof of stake consensus to ensure active validation of transactions within their own services. Sharing security in this way overcomes the challenges of fragmentation while preserving decentralization.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This development came about thanks to an innovation known as restaking, pioneered by EigenLayer.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>What is restaking?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Restaking is a process whereby those who participate in Ethereum’s \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/crypto-101/what-is-proof-of-stake-pos/\">proof of stake\u003C/a> consensus can “restake” the same tokens on another network. Effectively, the same set of tokens are used to participate in the security of several networks simultaneously. The concept is similar to that of rehypothecation in traditional finance, where collateral provided for the purposes of a loan is used to secure credit for the loan issuer.   \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>From the perspective of the staker, this is capital-efficient since the tokens could generate several sets of rewards concurrently. Therefore, there is a significant incentive for Ethereum stakers to participate in restaking, since there are low barriers for potentially high rewards.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The key risk for stakers is in slashing rewards. When a validator (or operator, as they are called in restaking networks) doesn’t act in the interests of the network, their stake may be “slashed.” Since many people participate in \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/blockchain/what-is-staking/\">staking\u003C/a> indirectly using liquid staking pools, this risk may not be within the control of the staker.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>AVSs operate on the other side of the incentive as services willing to pay restakers for the opportunity to tap into Ethereum’s cryptoeconomic security.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Restaking was pioneered by EigenLayer, which launched in June 2023. Within a year of launch, the project had over $20 billion of restaked ETH locked into its mainnet, providing security to many different types of AVSs that had chosen to build on EigenLayer.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Since EigenLayer launched, the popularity of restaking has drawn several other projects to develop competing iterations of the same concept. Two examples are Symbiotic and Karak.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Types of AVSs\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>There are many different types of Actively Validated Services operating in crypto currently, providing a wide array of functionality to the Ethereum ecosystem.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Data availability layers\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Data availability layers exist to solve the challenge of data availability in the Ethereum ecosystem. Over time, the amount of transaction data processed by the Ethereum base layer is increasing, while data held on Layer 2 ecosystems is becoming more fragmented. Data availability layers provide a decentralized off-chain solution for data storage that ensures it is reliably available at all times of need.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>One example of a data availability AVS is EigenDA.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Interoperability protocols\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Bridges and interoperability protocols play a crucial role in the ability to move assets and data between different sovereign blockchain networks. However, as independent protocols with their own rules, they once became popular targets for attackers. The shared security of restaking is, therefore, an important development for blockchain interoperability.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Hyperlane and Omni Network are both interoperability frameworks based on EigenLayer. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Oracle networks\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Oracle networks are necessary for the operation of any dApp that relies on off-chain data – most typically, price and market data or random number generation. Decentralized oracle networks source this data from an array of off-chain sources so it can be cross-checked and verified by a network as genuine.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Eoracle is an oracle network running as an AVS.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Settlement and consensus layers\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Settlement and consensus layers can be set up as an AVS to benefit from the shared security, incentives, and reduced fragmentation that it offers compared to operating a standalone consensus. This gives freedom to developers to choose from a wide array of solutions that suit different use case demands, considering factors such as speed, fees, security demands, and more. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>AltLayer Mach and Ruffle Fast Finality Layer are examples of consensus and settlement layers operating on EigenLayer.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Actively Validated Services essentials\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Actively Validated Services (AVSs) are blockchain protocols and applications that require their own consensus layer to operate, such as bridges, oracles, Layers 2s and side chains, and data availability networks.  \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>AVSs leverage Ethereum’s crypto-economic security via a process known as restaking, pioneered by EigenLayer, a leading AVS protocol.  \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Restaking provides additional incentives to stakers while sharing Ethereum security reduces the risk of protocol hacks and fragmentation of value throughout the blockchain ecosystem.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n","full","left",{"text":16},[],[],"January 6th, 2025",{},{"title":25,"url":24,"geofencings":52},{},{"previous":54,"next":55},"/learn/blockchain/what-are-accounts-on-ethereum/","/learn/blockchain/what-are-alternative-consensus-algorithms/",{"ready":26,"sections":57,"disclaimer":252,"copyright":253},[58,101,129,152,189,208],{"title":59,"content":16,"items":60},"About",[61,66,71,76,81,86,91,96],{"noFollow":26,"isExternal":29,"name":62,"value":63,"isEmail":29,"isPhoneNumber":29,"isText":29,"showOnDesktop":26,"showOnMobile":26,"attachment":64,"geofencings":65},"Who We 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Kingdom",{},{},{"title":209,"content":16,"items":210},"Contact",[211,216,220,224,228,232,237,242,247],{"noFollow":29,"isExternal":29,"name":212,"value":213,"isEmail":29,"isPhoneNumber":29,"isText":29,"showOnDesktop":26,"showOnMobile":26,"attachment":214,"geofencings":215},"Customer 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":29,"isExternal":29,"name":238,"value":239,"isEmail":29,"isPhoneNumber":26,"isText":29,"showOnDesktop":26,"showOnMobile":26,"attachment":240,"geofencings":241},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":29,"isExternal":29,"name":243,"value":244,"isEmail":29,"isPhoneNumber":26,"isText":29,"showOnDesktop":26,"showOnMobile":26,"attachment":245,"geofencings":246},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},{"noFollow":29,"isExternal":29,"name":248,"value":249,"isEmail":29,"isPhoneNumber":26,"isText":29,"showOnDesktop":26,"showOnMobile":26,"attachment":250,"geofencings":251},"+65 3105 1676","+6531051676",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":6,"ogDescription":6,"ogImage":255,"twitterImage":255,"twitterSite":256,"twitterCreator":256,"twitterCard":257,"twitterTitle":5,"twitterDescription":6,"titleTemplate":258},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/what_are_actively_validated_services_avs_understanding_avs_in_blockchain_a63aee2474_2ddde0c413.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":260,"ready":26,"platformButtonText":303,"backButtonText":304,"logInButtonText":305,"signUpButtonText":306},[261,265,269,272,275,278,281,286,289,294,299],{"headerName":262,"sidemenuName":133,"url":134,"noFollow":29,"showInHeader":26,"showInSidemenu":26,"geofencings":263,"submenu":264,"tag":16},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":125,"sidemenuName":125,"url":126,"noFollow":29,"showInHeader":26,"showInSidemenu":26,"geofencings":266,"submenu":267,"tag":268},{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":148,"sidemenuName":148,"url":149,"noFollow":29,"showInHeader":26,"showInSidemenu":26,"geofencings":270,"submenu":271,"tag":16},{},[],{"headerName":105,"sidemenuName":105,"url":106,"noFollow":29,"showInHeader":26,"showInSidemenu":26,"geofencings":273,"submenu":274,"tag":16},{},[],{"headerName":115,"sidemenuName":115,"url":116,"noFollow":29,"showInHeader":26,"showInSidemenu":26,"geofencings":276,"submenu":277,"tag":16},{},[],{"headerName":120,"sidemenuName":120,"url":121,"noFollow":29,"showInHeader":26,"showInSidemenu":26,"geofencings":279,"submenu":280,"tag":16},{"geofencing-uk":26},[],{"headerName":282,"sidemenuName":282,"url":283,"noFollow":29,"showInHeader":26,"showInSidemenu":26,"geofencings":284,"submenu":285,"tag":16},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":110,"sidemenuName":110,"url":111,"noFollow":29,"showInHeader":26,"showInSidemenu":26,"geofencings":287,"submenu":288,"tag":16},{},[],{"headerName":290,"sidemenuName":290,"url":291,"noFollow":29,"showInHeader":26,"showInSidemenu":26,"geofencings":292,"submenu":293,"tag":16},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":295,"sidemenuName":295,"url":296,"noFollow":29,"showInHeader":26,"showInSidemenu":26,"geofencings":297,"submenu":298,"tag":16},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":300,"sidemenuName":300,"url":106,"noFollow":29,"showInHeader":29,"showInSidemenu":26,"geofencings":301,"submenu":302,"tag":16},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[308,310,314,318,322,326,330,334,338,342],{"title":25,"url":24,"geofencings":309},{},{"title":311,"url":312,"geofencings":313},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":315,"url":316,"geofencings":317},"Crypto 101","/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":319,"url":320,"geofencings":321},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":323,"url":324,"geofencings":325},"Crypto trading","/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":327,"url":328,"geofencings":329},"Cryptocurrency guide","/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{"geofencing-uk":26},{"title":331,"url":332,"geofencings":333},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":335,"url":336,"geofencings":337},"Security","/learn/security/",{},{"title":339,"url":340,"geofencings":341},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":343,"url":344,"geofencings":345},"Web3","/learn/web3/",{},1778966654169]