[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":347},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-what-are-alternative-consensus-algorithms":3,"footer-en":57,"learn/blockchain/what-are-alternative-consensus-algorithms-en-seo":255,"navigation-en-learn-center":260,"api/learn-categories-en":308},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What are alternative consensus algorithms?","What are alternative consensus algorithms? - Bitstamp Learn Center","You might have heard of proof of work before. It’s the original blockchain consensus algorithm but there are others -Learn more on the Bitstamp Learn Center",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_17svg_34be521c1e_d159050c32.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",192,108,"1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_17svg_34be521c1e.svg","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-are-alternative-consensus-algorithms/","en-GB",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/blockchain/what-are-alternative-consensus-algorithms/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/learn/blockchain/what-are-alternative-consensus-algorithms/","en",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/blockchain/","Blockchain technology",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"what-are-alternative-consensus-algorithms",false,"\u003Cp>In order for \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-is-a-blockchain/\">blockchains\u003C/a> to work, there must be a mechanism put in place to maintain network consensus. This is why we have consensus algorithms. Their task is to make sure the next block in the blockchain is agreed upon by the majority of the network \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-are-bitcoin-blockchain-nodes/\">nodes\u003C/a>. Additionally, they make it harder to \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-are-blockchain-forks/\">fork\u003C/a> the blockchain if the fork is not backed by a majority of the network.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>The first blockchain consensus algorithm ever to see the light of day was the one for the Bitcoin network, called \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-proof-of-work-pow/\">proof of work\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>. But even though \u003Ca href=\"/learn/people-profiles/satoshi-nakamoto/\">Satoshi Nakamoto\u003C/a>’s (Bitcoin's creator) algorithm works well, it has certain drawbacks. For one, it is increasingly costly because it relies on \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-crypto-mining/\">crypto mining\u003C/a>. And while this is mainly seen as an economic disadvantage, the environmental aspect should not be neglected.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This is why developers have been studying the possibilities of alternative consensus algorithms. The first such algorithm was \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-proof-of-stake-pos/\">proof of stake\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>, where \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-are-blocks-in-the-blockchain/\">blocks\u003C/a> are not created by \u003Cstrong>miners\u003C/strong>. Instead, they involve \u003Cstrong>validators staking their tokens\u003C/strong>. Doing so confirms the transactions to be added to the next block. If they confirm an invalid block, validators are penalized by losing a share of their stakes.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Beside the well-established proof of work and promising, but not yet fully-operational, proof of stake, there are other consensus algorithms in development and testing. This article aims to survey the most prominent alternatives.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Alternative consensus algorithm essentials\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>There are other algorithms besides \u003Cstrong>proof of work\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>proof of stake\u003C/strong>.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Proof of authority\u003C/strong> relies on validators who have to earn their position by amassing sufficient positive reputation.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Proof of weight\u003C/strong> takes into account a relatively weighted value, e.g. the amount of data stored.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>In \u003Cstrong>delegated proof of stake\u003C/strong>, voters do not vote on block validity. Instead, they vote to elect delegates who will validate blocks on voters’ behalf.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>Proof of authority\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In \u003Cstrong>proof of authority (PoA)\u003C/strong> blockchains, blocks are validated by approved accounts known as validators. The entire process is automated, which means that it does not require validators to be stuck sitting at their computers. But it does require that their nodes remain uncompromised at all times.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To become a validator, a network user must earn the right by accumulating a sufficiently positive reputation. Thus, validators have an incentive to retain their position once they have earned it. Validators are motivated to uphold the transaction process, as failing to do so would result in a negative reputation being attached to their identities.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>For the establishment of a validator, the following three conditions must be met:\u003C/p>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>Their identity must be verified on the blockchain. It must be possible to cross-check the information in the public domain.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>It must be difficult to earn the title of a validator in order for the community to value the right to confirm blocks. For instance, potential validators may be required to obtain a public notary license.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The checks and procedures for establishing authority must be completely uniform.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ol>\n\u003Cp>While networks using proof of authority have a high throughput and are \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-is-blockchain-scaling/\">scalable\u003C/a>, they do pose a relatively high risk of centralization. On account of its centralized nature, you are unlikely to see proof of authority running on a public blockchain.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Proof of weight\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Unlike proof of work, proof of stake and proof of authority, \u003Cstrong>proof of weight\u003C/strong> is not a single consensus algorithm. Instead, it is an umbrella term for an entire array of consensus algorithms largely based on the \u003Cstrong>Algorand consensus model\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In a way, proof of weight is like proof of stake, but with one major difference. In proof of stake, the probability of discovering the next block depends on the amount of crypto that you lock in the network. Proof of weight, by contrast, uses some other relatively weighted value.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Some blockchains are designed so that the probability of discovering the next block depends on how much data you are storing at a given time. Proof of weight is, thus, very customizable and scalable. The downside is that it lacks a solid means of incentivization.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Delegated proof of stake\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>If judging by their names, proof of stake and \u003Cstrong>delegated proof of stake\u003C/strong> have a lot in common. But this is misleading because the two are actually quite different from each other. In delegated proof of stake, token holders do not vote on the validity of blocks (as is the case with proof of stake). Rather, they vote to elect the delegates who will do the validation on their behalf. In EOS, for instance, a pool of 21 delegates is chosen periodically from among hundreds to confirm blocks. Delegates that fail to deliver a block or confirm invalid transactions are replaced by a newly elected delegate.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Another major difference between delegated proof of stake compared to both proof of work and proof of stake is that validators do not compete for the next block; instead, they collaborate. This makes delegated proof of stake highly energy efficient, as no resources are spent on trying to outcompete your rivals. However, at the same time, the lack of competition makes this way of reaching consensus somewhat centralized, since \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-trading/what-are-whales/\">whales\u003C/a> with large amounts of tokens have a much higher voting power. As is the case with other alternative consensus algorithms discussed in this article, networks running delegated proof of stake are scalable.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>The future of blockchain consensus\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Proof of stake was among the first created consensus algorithm alternatives to proof of work. And while PoS was intended to eventually replace proof of work on blockchains such as Ethereum, it is yet to be fully-implemented.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>It is anyone’s guess if and when the largest cryptos will adopt any of the alternative algorithms. They might have certain advantages, but will they provide the degree of decentralization currently ensured by proof of work? After all, decentralization is precisely what cryptocurrencies are all about.\u003C/p>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"August 10th, 2022",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":53},{},{"previous":55,"next":56},"/learn/blockchain/what-are-actively-validated-services-avss-understanding-avss-in-blockchain/","/learn/blockchain/what-are-application-specific-integrated-circuits-asics/",{"ready":33,"sections":58,"disclaimer":253,"copyright":254},[59,102,130,153,190,209],{"title":60,"content":17,"items":61},"About",[62,67,72,77,82,87,92,97],{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":36,"name":63,"value":64,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":65,"geofencings":66},"Who We 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Kingdom",{},{},{"title":210,"content":17,"items":211},"Contact",[212,217,221,225,229,233,238,243,248],{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":213,"value":214,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":215,"geofencings":216},"Customer 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":239,"value":240,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":241,"geofencings":242},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":244,"value":245,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":246,"geofencings":247},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":249,"value":250,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":251,"geofencings":252},"+65 3105 1676","+6531051676",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":7,"ogDescription":7,"ogImage":256,"twitterImage":256,"twitterSite":257,"twitterCreator":257,"twitterCard":258,"twitterTitle":6,"twitterDescription":7,"titleTemplate":259},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_17svg_34be521c1e_d159050c32.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":261,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":304,"backButtonText":305,"logInButtonText":306,"signUpButtonText":307},[262,266,270,273,276,279,282,287,290,295,300],{"headerName":263,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":264,"submenu":265,"tag":17},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":126,"sidemenuName":126,"url":127,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":267,"submenu":268,"tag":269},{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":149,"sidemenuName":149,"url":150,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":271,"submenu":272,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":106,"sidemenuName":106,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":274,"submenu":275,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":116,"sidemenuName":116,"url":117,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":277,"submenu":278,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":121,"sidemenuName":121,"url":122,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},{"geofencing-uk":33},[],{"headerName":283,"sidemenuName":283,"url":284,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":285,"submenu":286,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":288,"submenu":289,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":291,"sidemenuName":291,"url":292,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":293,"submenu":294,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":296,"sidemenuName":296,"url":297,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":298,"submenu":299,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":301,"sidemenuName":301,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":302,"submenu":303,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[309,311,315,319,323,327,331,335,339,343],{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":310},{},{"title":312,"url":313,"geofencings":314},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":316,"url":317,"geofencings":318},"Crypto 101","/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":320,"url":321,"geofencings":322},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":324,"url":325,"geofencings":326},"Crypto trading","/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":328,"url":329,"geofencings":330},"Cryptocurrency guide","/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{"geofencing-uk":33},{"title":332,"url":333,"geofencings":334},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":336,"url":337,"geofencings":338},"Security","/learn/security/",{},{"title":340,"url":341,"geofencings":342},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":344,"url":345,"geofencings":346},"Web3","/learn/web3/",{},1775550604981]