[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":347},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-what-are-layer-2-solutions":3,"footer-en":57,"learn/blockchain/what-are-layer-2-solutions-en-seo":255,"navigation-en-learn-center":260,"api/learn-categories-en":308},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What are layer 2 solutions?"," What are layer 2 solutions? - Bitstamp Learn Center","What are layer 2 solutions? How do the help blockchains scale? - Learn more on the Bitstamp Learn Center\n",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_14svg_5c39749004_ed55036a52.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",192,108,"1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_14svg_5c39749004.svg","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/en-gb/learn/blockchain/what-are-layer-2-solutions/","en-GB",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/blockchain/what-are-layer-2-solutions/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/learn/blockchain/what-are-layer-2-solutions/","en",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/blockchain/","Blockchain technology",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"what-are-layer-2-solutions",false,"\u003Cp>To cater to the ever-growing crypto community, blockchain developers are always on the lookout for new solutions to \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-is-blockchain-scaling/\">scale up their networks\u003C/a>. There are several clever ways of dealing with the issue of scalability. One way to go about it would be to either increase \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-block-size/\">block size\u003C/a> or reduce \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-block-time/\">block time\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>But there also exists a whole category of solutions that are not native to blockchains called \u003Cstrong>layer 2 solutions\u003C/strong>. They move a part of the burden carried by the main chain off-chain, reducing the amount of data stored directly in the blockchain. This allows for greater capacity per individual blockchain, enabling a greater transaction rate and a more efficient network.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This article sheds light on the pros and cons of layer 2 solutions, presenting some of the hottest ones out there.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Layer 2 Solution Essentials\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Second-layer solutions move a part of blockchain data off-chain.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Though they are off-chain, second-layer solutions run on smart contracts and are enrooted in the blockchain, meaning that they benefit from all its security perks.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The Lightning Network is a Bitcoin-specific solution made possible by SegWit.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Ethereum’s second-layer solutions include Optimism and Arbitrum.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>Layer 2 solutions and security\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>As blockchains emerged, they quickly amassed global recognition. This was primarily due to their \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/centralized-and-decentralized-networks/\">decentralized nature\u003C/a>, introducing the concept of trustlessness. So, if blockchains are what eliminates the factor of trust, how can it be safe to move a part of the blockchain data to the second layer on top of the blockchain?\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This is because although they are not a part of the chain, layer 2 solutions are still enrooted in the blockchain. This means that they refer to the blockchain to resolve any dispute and fact-check transactions. In a sense, a blockchain acts like a decentralized notary that cannot be bribed. They cannot be bribed because every possible outcome is predetermined in \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-are-smart-contracts/\">smart contracts\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>, with no possibility of something new and unexpected happening after the fact.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Bitcoin and the Lightning Network\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-is-segregated-witness-segwit/\">Segregated Witness\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> is a Bitcoin-specific fix. It was designed to address transaction malleability, which made it possible to change transaction IDs. Additionally, SegWit virtually increased Bitcoin’s block size from 1 MB to 4 MB by introducing the concept of block weight. But the story does not end here. SegWit provided a platform for the development of layer 2 solutions. The first one for the Bitcoin protocol is the \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-is-the-lightning-network/\">Lightning Network\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Lightning uses blockchain transactions and smart contracts to create a secure network. The participants in this network are able to transact at a very high speed. The Lightning Network can achieve a throughput of millions to billions of transactions per second. Additionally, the Lightning Network charges very low fees, which is made possible by transacting and settling off-blockchain.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>One of Lightning’s interesting features is that it theoretically allows for cross-chain transactions. This means that we could potentially have transactions between different SegWit-compatible blockchains. The Lightning Network started its testing period on 18 January 2018 and is currently run by over 15,000 nodes, including \u003Ca href=\"/lightning-network-node/\">Bitstamp by Robinhood’s own Lightning node\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Layer 2 proposals for Ethereum\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>One of the most popular Ethereum’s layer 2 solution is called Polygon, a platform that uses interconnected networks to optimize decentralized applications (dapps).\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Polygon's networks are built as Ethereum sidechains, or independent blockchains that run separately from the main Ethereum chain with their own security guarantees. However they also leverage the security of the main chain to finalize transactions and store critical information central to their operation. In addition, sidechains often have bridges that enable users to transfer assets between it and the main chain.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Blockchain scaling solutions such as these must be put in place to enable greater network throughput. Effective scaling has the potential to make crypto transactions much faster and more user-friendly without compromising security. With solutions such as the Lightning Network and Polygon, blockchain scaling is already well under way.\u003C/p>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"August 9th, 2022",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":53},{},{"previous":55,"next":56},"/learn/blockchain/what-are-inputs-outputs-and-utxo/","/learn/blockchain/what-are-mining-pools/",{"ready":33,"sections":58,"disclaimer":253,"copyright":254},[59,102,130,153,190,209],{"title":60,"content":17,"items":61},"About",[62,67,72,77,82,87,92,97],{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":36,"name":63,"value":64,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":65,"geofencings":66},"Who We Are","/about-us/",{},{},{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":33,"name":68,"value":69,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":70,"geofencings":71},"Careers","https://careers.robinhood.com/",{},{},{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":36,"name":73,"value":74,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":75,"geofencings":76},"Legal & Privacy","/legal/",{},{},{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":36,"name":78,"value":79,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":80,"geofencings":81},"Legal & Privacy - USA","/legal/terms-of-use/inc/",{},{},{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":36,"name":83,"value":84,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":85,"geofencings":86},"For Law Enforcement","/legal/guidelines-for-law-enforcement-agencies/",{},{},{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":36,"name":88,"value":89,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":90,"geofencings":91},"Disclosures and Disclaimers","/legal/disclaimers",{},{},{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":36,"name":93,"value":94,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":95,"geofencings":96},"Fee Schedule","/fee-schedule/",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":98,"value":99,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":100,"geofencings":101},"FAQ","/faq/",{},{},{"title":103,"content":17,"items":104},"Products",[105,110,115,120,125],{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":106,"value":107,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":108,"geofencings":109},"Mobile App","/mobile/",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":111,"value":112,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":113,"geofencings":114},"Tradeview","/market/tradeview/",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":116,"value":117,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":118,"geofencings":119},"Earn Stake","/crypto-staking/",{},{"geofencing-uk":33},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":121,"value":122,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":123,"geofencings":124},"Earn Lend","/crypto-lending/",{},{"geofencing-uk":33},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":126,"value":127,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":128,"geofencings":129},"Derivatives","/perpetual-futures/",{},{},{"title":131,"content":17,"items":132},"Services",[133,138,143,148],{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":134,"value":135,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":136,"geofencings":137},"Institutions & Partners","/institutional-trading/",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":139,"value":140,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":141,"geofencings":142},"Bitstamp as a Service","/bitstamp-as-a-service/",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":144,"value":145,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":146,"geofencings":147},"The Bitstamp Ecosystem","/partners/",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":149,"value":150,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":151,"geofencings":152},"Pro","/pro/",{},{},{"title":154,"content":17,"items":155},"Resources",[156,161,166,171,175,180,185],{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":36,"name":157,"value":158,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":36,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":159,"geofencings":160},"HTTP API","/api/",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":162,"value":163,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":36,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":164,"geofencings":165},"Websocket API v2","/websocket/v2/",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":167,"value":168,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":36,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":169,"geofencings":170},"FIX v2","/fix/v2/",{},{},{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":36,"name":172,"value":158,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":36,"attachment":173,"geofencings":174},"API Documentation",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":176,"value":177,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":178,"geofencings":179},"PGP Key","/pgp-key/",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":181,"value":182,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":183,"geofencings":184},"Lightning Network","/lightning-network-node/",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":186,"value":187,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":188,"geofencings":189},"Market Details","/market-details/",{},{},{"title":191,"content":17,"items":192},"Address",[193,197,201,205],{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":194,"value":17,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":33,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":195,"geofencings":196},"Bitstamp Ltd",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":198,"value":17,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":33,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":199,"geofencings":200},"5 New Street Square",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":202,"value":17,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":33,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":203,"geofencings":204},"London, EC4A 3TW",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":206,"value":17,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":33,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":207,"geofencings":208},"United Kingdom",{},{},{"title":210,"content":17,"items":211},"Contact",[212,217,221,225,229,233,238,243,248],{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":213,"value":214,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":215,"geofencings":216},"Customer support","/customer-support/",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":218,"value":218,"isEmail":33,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":219,"geofencings":220},"info@bitstamp.net",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":222,"value":222,"isEmail":33,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":223,"geofencings":224},"press@bitstamp.net",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":226,"value":226,"isEmail":33,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":227,"geofencings":228},"support@bitstamp.net",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":230,"value":230,"isEmail":33,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":231,"geofencings":232},"complaints@bitstamp.net",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":234,"value":235,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":236,"geofencings":237},"+44 20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":239,"value":240,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":241,"geofencings":242},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":244,"value":245,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":246,"geofencings":247},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":249,"value":250,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":251,"geofencings":252},"+65 3105 1676","+6531051676",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":7,"ogDescription":7,"ogImage":256,"twitterImage":256,"twitterSite":257,"twitterCreator":257,"twitterCard":258,"twitterTitle":6,"twitterDescription":7,"titleTemplate":259},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_14svg_5c39749004_ed55036a52.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":261,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":304,"backButtonText":305,"logInButtonText":306,"signUpButtonText":307},[262,266,270,273,276,279,282,287,290,295,300],{"headerName":263,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":264,"submenu":265,"tag":17},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":126,"sidemenuName":126,"url":127,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":267,"submenu":268,"tag":269},{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":149,"sidemenuName":149,"url":150,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":271,"submenu":272,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":106,"sidemenuName":106,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":274,"submenu":275,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":116,"sidemenuName":116,"url":117,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":277,"submenu":278,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":121,"sidemenuName":121,"url":122,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},{"geofencing-uk":33},[],{"headerName":283,"sidemenuName":283,"url":284,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":285,"submenu":286,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":288,"submenu":289,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":291,"sidemenuName":291,"url":292,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":293,"submenu":294,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":296,"sidemenuName":296,"url":297,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":298,"submenu":299,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":301,"sidemenuName":301,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":302,"submenu":303,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[309,311,315,319,323,327,331,335,339,343],{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":310},{},{"title":312,"url":313,"geofencings":314},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":316,"url":317,"geofencings":318},"Crypto 101","/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":320,"url":321,"geofencings":322},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":324,"url":325,"geofencings":326},"Crypto trading","/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":328,"url":329,"geofencings":330},"Cryptocurrency guide","/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{"geofencing-uk":33},{"title":332,"url":333,"geofencings":334},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":336,"url":337,"geofencings":338},"Security","/learn/security/",{},{"title":340,"url":341,"geofencings":342},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":344,"url":345,"geofencings":346},"Web3","/learn/web3/",{},1775731406088]