[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":347},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-ethereum-dao-hack":3,"footer-en":57,"learn/crypto-101/ethereum-dao-hack-en-seo":255,"navigation-en-learn-center":260,"api/learn-categories-en":308},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"Ethereum DAO Hack","Ethereum DAO Hack | Bitstamp by Robinhood","What was the Ethereum DAO Hack? How did the hack split Ethereum into two blockchains? - Learn more on the Bitstamp Learn Center",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/Ethereum_DAO_hack_2png_3522abe6b1_7689ae0110.png","image/png",".png",1921,1081,"Ethereum_DAO_hack_2png_3522abe6b1.png","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/ethereum-dao-hack/","en-GB",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/crypto-101/ethereum-dao-hack/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/learn/crypto-101/ethereum-dao-hack/","en",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/crypto-101/","Crypto 101",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"ethereum-dao-hack",false,"\u003Cp>The DAO was a decentralized autonomous organization launched on the Ethereum blockchain in spring 2016 as an investor-led capital fund. One of the largest crowdfunding campaigns in history, The DAO raised $150 million in Ether before being hacked due to vulnerabilities in the code base, with the attacker siphoning millions out of the project.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>Ethereum was only a year old at the time and a promising new crypto venture. With a growing fear that the hack would change Ethereum’s perception for the worse, many in the crypto community, including Ethereum’s co-founder \u003Ca href=\"/learn/people-profiles/who-is-vitalik-buterin/\">Vitalik Buterin\u003C/a> and several \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-btc/\">Bitcoin\u003C/a> developers, rallied to find a solution.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The community eventually decided on a hard fork of the Ethereum network, meaning that the network would split into two branches. One branch, now known as Ethereum, returned the funds to the affected users, while the other, known as \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-ethereum-classic-etc/\">Ethereum Classic\u003C/a>, accepted the hack as a part of its history. The hard fork was highly controversial within the crypto community, as immutability (the inability to be changed) is often considered a key feature of a blockchain.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The DAO hack helped to shape the Ethereum ecosystem into what it is today. Similar to the impact of \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-mt-gox/\">Mt. Gox\u003C/a> on the Bitcoin community, it set forth processes and debate that enhanced blockchain security and changed how projects raise funds.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>What is a DAO?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>DAO is an acronym for a \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-are-decentralized-autonomous-organizations-dao/\">decentralized autonomous organization\u003C/a>, a digital entity that has no centralized authority. Instead, members purchase tokens that allow them to participate in the management and decision making of the organization, as well as vote on the deployment of its funds.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>DAOs are blockchain-based collectives where the rules and processes are run through smart contract code, and all transactions are visible on the blockchain protocol’s ledger. DAOs were meant to replace the leadership and oversight of a central entity or corporation by using a democratic approach to governance.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Note that the term ‘DAO’ is typically used when talking about any decentralized autonomous organizations. ‘The DAO’ refers to the specific decentralized autonomous organization that was exploited in the hack.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>The DAO creation\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Blockchain developer Christoph Jentzsch released the open-source code for The DAO in April 2016. Jentzsch had been involved in the early development of \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-ethereum-eth/\">Ethereum\u003C/a>, building the C++ version of the Ethereum client.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The DAO was created as a community-based investment fund where users purchased DAO tokens using Ether. Jentzsch’s vision was for The DAO to be a fundraising mechanism for another blockchain project, and his goal was to raise $5 - $10 million.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>However, the project gained traction and attracted far more attention than Jentzsch anticipated. Excitement grew as users wanted The DAO to go beyond Jentzsch’s specific project, to funding every app on Ethereum. The DAO eventually raised $150 million in funds from over 11,000 investors, representing around 14% of all Ether in circulation at the time.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>The hack\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Prior to the hack, several users had expressed concern about vulnerabilities in The DAO’s codebase.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The DAO’s smart contract was written in Solidity, Ethereum’s main programming language, which was only a few months old at the time. Due to this, the novel project was not thoroughly tested and grew quicker than its creators anticipated. In early June, programmers proposed fixes to the vulnerabilities and were awaiting approval from DAO members before deploying the code.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>On June 17, a few weeks after The DAO’s launch and before the fixes could be enacted, Jentzsch and others noticed that a hacker was siphoning funds from the project. Known as a “reentrancy attack,” the hacker was able to exploit a specific Solidity vulnerability by calling the contract’s withdraw() function in a continuous loop. The hacker was able to drain around 3.6 million ETH out of the DAO, equivalent to $70 million at the time.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Response\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Figures from across the crypto community debated how to respond to the hack. The DAO was a truly decentralized entity, and any decision would have to be agreed on by the majority of the Ethereum community.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Vitalik Buterin, who had not been personally involved with The DAO, suggested a soft fork of the Ethereum blockchain, which would have added a snippet of code to blacklist the hacker and freeze the funds.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The hacker (or a person posing as the hacker), however, messaged the Ethereum DAO Slack channel noting that they would offer a reward to miners who did not comply with the proposed soft fork.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Hard fork\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Members of the community proposed a hard fork, which would move the funds to another smart contract, from which affected users could withdraw their Ether. The move essentially returned the funds to the users by restoring a digital backup.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The solution was controversial and highly debated (more on that below). Due to the network’s decentralized nature, the majority of Ethereum miners, exchanges, and operators had to agree to the hard fork. On July 20, a consensus was reached, and the hard fork was implemented.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The fork resulted in two competing blockchains: Ethereum, which implemented the hard fork, and Ethereum Classic, which left the Ethereum blockchain untouched.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The perpetrator of the attack has never been identified.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Impact on the cryptocurrency community\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The DAO hack had profound implications on Ethereum and the wider crypto community. Ethereum was seen as a young technology with huge potential, and programmers and investors worried about the reputational damage the event would have on the network.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Due to the immutable and secure nature of blockchains, critics felt that the hard fork tampered with the blockchain and went against the core tenants of decentralization and independence from a central authority. These are core principles that Ethereum and many cryptocurrencies are founded on, and they were concerned that the hard fork would set a dangerous precedent.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Proponents, however, offered a more pragmatic perspective. The amount of money hacked was significant and they wanted to return the funds back to the users to prevent any more damage and distrust of the network.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>While \u003Ca href=\"/learn/security/crypto-security-precautions/\">hacks\u003C/a> can happen in decentralized networks, the Ethereum hard fork is a unique event in the history of cryptocurrency. Further, The DAO is often seen as the event that made blockchain security a priority, especially with new \u003Ca href=\"/learn/web3/what-is-decentralized-finance-defi/\">DeFi\u003C/a> projects, a concept that wasn’t taken seriously until the hack.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Jentzsch, the creator of The DAO, believes that the hack helped shift blockchain project funding away from digital organizations to \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-an-initial-coin-offering-ico/\">ICOs (initial coin offerings)\u003C/a>, which might have contributed to the ICO boom the following year.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>The DAO hack essentials\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>The DAO was a decentralized autonomous organization launched on the Ethereum network in spring of 2016.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>The DAO raised $150 million worth of Ether and was one of the largest crowdfunding campaigns in history when it was hacked with millions siphoned out of the fund.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>The community responded by enacting a hard fork of Ethereum, splitting the network into two separate blockchains with their own coins.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"July 17th, 2023",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":53},{},{"previous":55,"next":56},"/learn/crypto-101/cryptocurrency-vs-traditional-money-key-differences/","/learn/crypto-101/exploring-bitcoin-forks/",{"ready":33,"sections":58,"disclaimer":253,"copyright":254},[59,102,130,153,190,209],{"title":60,"content":17,"items":61},"About",[62,67,72,77,82,87,92,97],{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":36,"name":63,"value":64,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":65,"geofencings":66},"Who We 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Kingdom",{},{},{"title":210,"content":17,"items":211},"Contact",[212,217,221,225,229,233,238,243,248],{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":213,"value":214,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":215,"geofencings":216},"Customer 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":239,"value":240,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":241,"geofencings":242},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":244,"value":245,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":246,"geofencings":247},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":249,"value":250,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":251,"geofencings":252},"+65 3105 1676","+6531051676",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":7,"ogDescription":7,"ogImage":256,"twitterImage":256,"twitterSite":257,"twitterCreator":257,"twitterCard":258,"twitterTitle":6,"twitterDescription":7,"titleTemplate":259},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/Ethereum_DAO_hack_2png_3522abe6b1_7689ae0110.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":261,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":304,"backButtonText":305,"logInButtonText":306,"signUpButtonText":307},[262,266,270,273,276,279,282,287,290,295,300],{"headerName":263,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":264,"submenu":265,"tag":17},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":126,"sidemenuName":126,"url":127,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":267,"submenu":268,"tag":269},{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":149,"sidemenuName":149,"url":150,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":271,"submenu":272,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":106,"sidemenuName":106,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":274,"submenu":275,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":116,"sidemenuName":116,"url":117,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":277,"submenu":278,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":121,"sidemenuName":121,"url":122,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},{"geofencing-uk":33},[],{"headerName":283,"sidemenuName":283,"url":284,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":285,"submenu":286,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":288,"submenu":289,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":291,"sidemenuName":291,"url":292,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":293,"submenu":294,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":296,"sidemenuName":296,"url":297,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":298,"submenu":299,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":301,"sidemenuName":301,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":302,"submenu":303,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[309,313,317,319,323,327,331,335,339,343],{"title":310,"url":311,"geofencings":312},"Blockchain technology","/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":314,"url":315,"geofencings":316},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":318},{},{"title":320,"url":321,"geofencings":322},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":324,"url":325,"geofencings":326},"Crypto trading","/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":328,"url":329,"geofencings":330},"Cryptocurrency guide","/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{"geofencing-uk":33},{"title":332,"url":333,"geofencings":334},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":336,"url":337,"geofencings":338},"Security","/learn/security/",{},{"title":340,"url":341,"geofencings":342},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":344,"url":345,"geofencings":346},"Web3","/learn/web3/",{},1777988112020]