[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":346},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-what-are-blockchain-forks":3,"footer-en":57,"learn/crypto-101/what-are-blockchain-forks-en-seo":255,"navigation-en-learn-center":260,"api/learn-categories-en":307},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What are blockchain forks?","What are blockchain forks? - Bitstamp Learn Center","What are blockchain forks? Why is there a long history of forks in crypto? - Learn more on the Bitstamp Learn Center",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_84svg_1dc0eab1d4_700c31ddd8.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",192,108,"1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_84svg_1dc0eab1d4.svg","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/what-are-blockchain-forks/","en-GB",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/crypto-101/what-are-blockchain-forks/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/learn/crypto-101/what-are-blockchain-forks/","en",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/crypto-101/","Crypto 101",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"what-are-blockchain-forks",false,"\u003Cp>In the context of blockchain, a fork is a technical phenomenon that occurs when a blockchain splits into two separate branches. These two branches share their transaction history up until the point of the split. From there on, they each go independently each in their own direction.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>There are many possible reasons for the occurrence of blockchain forks. A fork can be either \u003Cstrong>accidental\u003C/strong> or \u003Cstrong>intentional\u003C/strong>. Intentional forks are further categorized as either \u003Cstrong>soft forks\u003C/strong> or \u003Cstrong>hard forks\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>BLOCKCHAIN FORK ESSENTIALS\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>A blockchain split that produces two competing branches.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Can be accidental or intentional.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Accidental forks are resolved by the blockchain.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Intentional forks are used to implement new consensus rules.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Hard forks require nodes to be upgraded to the new consensus rules or to rollback the state.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Soft forks don’t require nodes to be upgraded to the new consensus rules.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Some cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin Cash, are created using hard forks.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>Accidental and intentional forks\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>At any given moment, thousands of miners are competing to create a new block. With so much mining going on at once, two or more miners sometimes mine a new block at the same time. When this happens, an \u003Cstrong>accidental fork\u003C/strong> is created. The problem is solved when new blocks are added to one of the chains. When that happens, the network continues working on the longer chain and abandons the shorter one.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>When an \u003Cstrong>intentional fork\u003C/strong> is made, the network doesn’t reconverge on a single chain. This type of a fork is used by blockchain developers to implement changes to the protocol. For instance, developers may use an intentional fork to increase \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-block-size/\">block size\u003C/a>, reduce \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-block-time/\">block time\u003C/a>, or even implement an entirely new \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-are-alternative-consensus-algorithms/\">consensus algorithm\u003C/a>. An intentional fork can be \u003Cstrong>hard\u003C/strong> or \u003Cstrong>soft\u003C/strong>. The two differ from each other in terms of compatibility with the other chain and their applications.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Soft forks and hard forks\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>A hard fork is a fork that introduces new rules and requires the \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-are-bitcoin-blockchain-nodes/\">nodes\u003C/a> in the network to upgrade their software. Consider a blockchain with a block size limit of 1 MB. If you wanted larger blocks that could store up to 8 MB of data, you would have to implement a new set of rules that would increase the block size limit from 1 MB to 8 MB. This would result in a hard fork.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>When a \u003Cstrong>hard fork\u003C/strong> occurs, the community members (users and miners) must make a decision. They can either update their node and switch to the newly-forked chain, or they can keep running the old software. Either way, they own cryptocurrency on both chains; they have coins on the legacy chain from before and they can claim the new protocol’s cryptocurrency on the new chain.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Once a change is put in place, any nodes that fail to upgrade to the new consensus rules can no longer participate in the consensus mechanism. They are forced onto a separate chain the moment the hard fork takes place. Non-upgraded systems can no longer process the new consensus rules, making a blockchain split by a hard fork \u003Cstrong>forward incompatible\u003C/strong> with the main chain.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>As opposed to hard forks, changes implemented by \u003Cstrong>soft forks\u003C/strong> make the chains \u003Cstrong>forward compatible\u003C/strong>. To be forward compatible, blocks created under new rules must also be valid under the old rules (but not the other way around). Due to that, a soft fork does not require nodes to be upgraded. They can keep running the old software version and still participate in the upgraded network as validators of transactions. Soft forks can be activated by users (\u003Cstrong>UASF\u003C/strong>, or \u003Cstrong>user activated soft fork\u003C/strong>) or miners (\u003Cstrong>MASF\u003C/strong>, or \u003Cstrong>miner activated soft forks\u003C/strong>).\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Forks in practice\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Blockchain forks occur quite often. In fact, they are one of the ways of creating new cryptocurrencies. Some popular currencies are products of hard forks. An example is \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-cash-bch/\">Bitcoin Cash\u003C/a>,\u003C/strong> which \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/exploring-bitcoin-forks/\">forked from Bitcoin\u003C/a> in August 2017. The Bitcoin Cash fork changed the block size limit from 1 to 8 MB and later to 32 MB.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Another example of a hard fork is \u003Cstrong>Ethereum Classic\u003C/strong>. This was created in October 2016, when a group of developers rejected new rules that were implemented with a hard fork. Instead, they opted to keep using the old \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-ethereum-eth/\">Ethereum\u003C/a> blockchain, which was later renamed Ethereum Classic.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Because they have the potential to split the blockchain community into two groups, hard forks normally take a back seat to soft forks in the development process. It was initially thought that Bitcoin’s \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-is-segregated-witness-segwit/\">SegWit protocol\u003C/a> would require a hard fork to change the fundamental structure of transactions. However, the developers found a forward-compatible solution and implemented SegWit with a soft fork. To this day, nodes that haven’t been updated to SegWit still participate in the soft-forked Bitcoin network.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Knowing about forks will be useful for anyone who owns cryptocurrencies. In case a cryptocurrency you own is subject to a hard fork, this knowledge will help you decide which branch you should adopt and aid in choosing your wallet provider or cryptocurrency custodian.\u003C/p>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"August 17th, 2022",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":53},{},{"previous":55,"next":56},"/learn/crypto-101/what-are-bitcoin-blockchain-nodes/","/learn/crypto-101/what-are-central-bank-digital-currencies-cbdcs/",{"ready":33,"sections":58,"disclaimer":253,"copyright":254},[59,102,130,153,190,209],{"title":60,"content":17,"items":61},"About",[62,67,72,77,82,87,92,97],{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":36,"name":63,"value":64,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":65,"geofencings":66},"Who We 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":239,"value":240,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":241,"geofencings":242},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":244,"value":245,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":246,"geofencings":247},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":249,"value":250,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":251,"geofencings":252},"+65 3105 1676","+6531051676",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":7,"ogDescription":7,"ogImage":256,"twitterImage":256,"twitterSite":257,"twitterCreator":257,"twitterCard":258,"twitterTitle":6,"twitterDescription":7,"titleTemplate":259},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_84svg_1dc0eab1d4_700c31ddd8.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":261,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":303,"backButtonText":304,"logInButtonText":305,"signUpButtonText":306},[262,266,269,272,275,278,281,286,289,294,299],{"headerName":263,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":264,"submenu":265,"tag":17},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":126,"sidemenuName":126,"url":127,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":267,"submenu":268,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":149,"sidemenuName":149,"url":150,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":270,"submenu":271,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":106,"sidemenuName":106,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":273,"submenu":274,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":116,"sidemenuName":116,"url":117,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":276,"submenu":277,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":121,"sidemenuName":121,"url":122,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":279,"submenu":280,"tag":17},{"geofencing-uk":33},[],{"headerName":282,"sidemenuName":282,"url":283,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":284,"submenu":285,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":287,"submenu":288,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":290,"sidemenuName":290,"url":291,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":292,"submenu":293,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":295,"sidemenuName":295,"url":296,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":297,"submenu":298,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":300,"sidemenuName":300,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":301,"submenu":302,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[308,312,316,318,322,326,330,334,338,342],{"title":309,"url":310,"geofencings":311},"Blockchain technology","/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":313,"url":314,"geofencings":315},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":317},{},{"title":319,"url":320,"geofencings":321},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":323,"url":324,"geofencings":325},"Crypto trading","/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":327,"url":328,"geofencings":329},"Cryptocurrency guide","/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{"geofencing-uk":33},{"title":331,"url":332,"geofencings":333},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":335,"url":336,"geofencings":337},"Security","/learn/security/",{},{"title":339,"url":340,"geofencings":341},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":343,"url":344,"geofencings":345},"Web3","/learn/web3/",{},1772794098187]