[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":346},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-what-was-the-blocksize-war":3,"footer-en":56,"learn/crypto-101/what-was-the-blocksize-war-en-seo":254,"navigation-en-learn-center":259,"api/learn-categories-en":307},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What was the Blocksize War?","What was the Blocksize War? | Bitstamp by Robinhood","What was the Blocksize War? How did the war help shape the future of the Bitcoin Network? Learn more about the Blocksize War and start trading with Bitstamp by Robinhood",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/blocksize_wars_BTC_vs_BCH_png_7866ae0fdb_53d0640d48.png","image/png",".png",1921,1081,"blocksize_wars_BTC_vs_BCH_png_7866ae0fdb.png","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/en-gb/learn/crypto-101/what-was-the-blocksize-war/","en-GB",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/crypto-101/what-was-the-blocksize-war/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/learn/crypto-101/what-was-the-blocksize-war/","en",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/crypto-101/","Crypto 101",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"what-was-the-blocksize-war",false,"\u003Cp>The Blocksize War was a technical debate surrounding the scaling of the Bitcoin blockchain that took place between 2015 and 2017. While this debate was, at its core, a dispute about the amount of data within each Bitcoin block, it developed into a contentious and theoretical argument over who controls the Bitcoin protocol, the long-term plan for Bitcoin’s market share, and how much value should be placed on decentralization.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>The scaling debate, described as Bitcoin’s first major “civil war”, divided the crypto community and had significant implications for the future of the currency. Two camps developed: “Big Blockers” who wanted to increase block size for cheaper and faster transactions, and “Small Blockers” who wanted the 1 MB limit to remain permanent to prioritize Bitcoin’s integrity and security.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Various proposals and solutions were put forth over the two years, with many of crypto’s biggest industry players and well-known figures tossing their opinions (and their money) into the debate.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Background\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>In the summer of 2010, \u003Ca href=\"/learn/people-profiles/satoshi-nakamoto/\">Satoshi Nakamoto\u003C/a> added an explicit 1 MB size limit for each block. Blocks on the Bitcoin blockchain are batches of transaction information; they are immutable (cannot be changed) and secure.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>When Bitcoin was launched, the currency had virtually no value, and only a small contingency of people was mining for new coins. Further, each individual Bitcoin transaction was relatively small from a data standpoint, so the size limit did not originally affect the network. While Satoshi never indicated why the limit was put in place, it is speculated that it was to keep the blockchain small and discourage large amounts of spam transactions.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The 1 MB limit became problematic as the currency grew in popularity. Limiting the size of Bitcoin blocks meant that there was a limit on the number of transactions that could be confirmed on the network. Even today, the Bitcoin blockchain itself can only process 7 transactions per second, versus about 29 on Ethereum and 1,700 on Visa.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>By 2015, two camps emerged regarding the 1MB limit, one who believed in the smaller block size, and one who thought that the limit was too small. Bitcoin blocks filled up quickly, making transactions slower and more expensive. However, there was no agreement among the crypto community on how to address the issue.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Big Blockers vs Small Blockers\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Two major camps emerged within the debate.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Big Blockers\u003C/strong> wanted to modify the original Bitcoin protocol to increase block capacity and process more transactions. They believed that cheaper, faster transactions would make Bitcoin more scalable and therefore more accessible. While increasing the block size may not be a permanent solution, some suggested it would help keep transactions cheap in the short-term and allow more time for scaling solutions to potentially develop. This would allow Bitcoin to compete on the global stage as an alternative payment system to companies like Visa or PayPal.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Small Blockers\u003C/strong> fought to keep the 1 MB size limit in place to prioritize Bitcoin’s fundamental principles of security and decentralization. Small Blockers believed that if the block size increased, it would become too expensive for individual users to run a \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-are-bitcoin-blockchain-nodes/\">Bitcoin node\u003C/a>. This would lead to companies hosting nodes in data centers, which could compromise decentralization of the network. They believed in system resilience and taking a long-term approach to increasing Bitcoin’s market share.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Sergio Lerner, a cryptocurrency researcher, summarized the nuances of the debate in an email to a Bitcoin Listserv:  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>“There are two group[s] of people which have two different visions for Bitcoin. None of these visions [are] \"wrong.\"\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>One group values … things like decentralization, lack of government, censorship resistance, anonymity. This group thinks that Bitcoin will transform our world in 20-30 years. To reach this goal, it's of utter importance to stick to those values. There is no rush.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The other group values … things like reaching one billion users in the next 5 years, or serving real unbanked users today, even if that requires a political agreement now.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Both visions have their merits. But they are incompatible.”\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Proposed solutions\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>At the start of the debate, the Big Blockers had momentum and significant community support, as well as the backing of many miners, corporations, and asset managers. This camp had a straightforward message – Bitcoin needed more capacity for everyone to use it.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Bitcoin XT\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Bitcoin XT was the first solution introduced by the Big Blockers. It proposed raising the block limit from 1 MB to 8 MB and then doubling it every two years until it reached a max size of 8 GB in 2036. The changes were incompatible with existing Bitcoin nodes, so the solution would require a hard fork, defined as change to the protocol which is not backward compatible. Any user running a Bitcoin node would be required to upgrade the software to continue using the hard-forked chain.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Bitcoin XT was proposed by Mike Hearn, a respected Bitcoin developer, and supported by Gavin Andresen, whom Satoshi had designated as the leader of the Bitcoin project after he stepped down. Andresen’s support helped Bitcoin XT gain traction and media attention.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The solution was highly controversial for the Small Blockers, who viewed the hard fork as too extreme. They feared that Bitcoin would split into two coins, people would lose the coins they already had, or it would change the network in other fundamental ways. Further, after a letter of support for Bitcoin XT was signed by several companies such as BitPay, Circle, and Blockchain.info, the Big Blockers camp was seen as aligning with big businesses instead of grassroots users, undermining Bitcoin’s core mission.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Although the solution was well publicized, it failed to gain wide-spread community support. Hearn, who had proposed Bitcoin XT, was so frustrated by the debate that he declared Bitcoin a failed project and sold all his coins.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>SegWit\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Developer Pieter Wuille put forward a solution called SegWit, short for Segregated Witness. It was a new transaction format where the signature, or “witness”, one of the largest data components of a Bitcoin transaction, was removed from the input field of the block, resulting in more space.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>SegWit changed the way block size was calculated which would effectively result in a small block size increase to approximately 2 MB, a notion that was still supported by most of the community as well as embraced by Small Blockers. It would be implemented with a soft fork, meaning that the upgrade was compatible with existing nodes.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>However, SegWit was technically complex, and many developers did not understand it. Communication about \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-is-segregated-witness-segwit/\">SegWit\u003C/a> from the Small Blockers was convoluted, often failing to explain the solution in layman’s terms. Further, it required 95% of miners to signal their support to activate the upgrade, a number that was implausible at the time.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Bitcoin Classic\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Bitcoin Classic was a proposal from the Big Blockers with Gavin Andresen as lead developer. It was another attempt to raise the block limit to 2 MB through a hard fork. Bitcoin Classic gained widespread support from companies such as Coinbase and various mining pools, and was viewed as a more moderate attempt to increase block size than the jump to 8 MB by Bitcoin XT.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>However, Small Blockers opposed the measure, believing that it wouldn’t get the support from miners.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>The New York agreement\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>On May 22, 2017, leaders from 58 crypto companies and some miners had a closed-door meeting where they created a two-phase solution: activate SegWit, then double the block limit compared to the original SegWit proposal. They believed it would resolve the conflict by combining both a soft fork (SegWit) and a hard fork (raising the block size), giving each camp a part of the solution they had been working towards.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Many in the crypto community saw the agreement as a corporate takeover of the Bitcoin network. They were angered that there was no mention that Bitcoin users are the ones who control the protocol and that support from users was necessary before enacting changes. The Small Blockers voiced especially strong objections to the agreement, noting that they did not feel represented.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>After months of contentious debate, the proposal was suspended in November 2017, and the second phase of the agreement (raising the block size through a hard fork) was abandoned completely.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Bitcoin Cash\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>The Big Blockers were displeased with the results of the New York Agreement and still wanted a larger block size increase. A group of miners and developers split off to introduce a hard fork of Bitcoin in July 2017, originally called Bitcoin ABC and eventually renamed to \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-cash-bch/\">Bitcoin Cash\u003C/a>. A week later, major exchanges started to accept the new currency.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Bitcoin Cash had a block size of 8 MB that increased over time, resulting in higher throughput and lower fees. Further, the developers argued that Bitcoin Cash was necessary because it serves as a payment system, whereas Bitcoin had become an investment instrument with people holding onto their coins (HODL).\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Roger Ver, an early Bitcoin enthusiast and owner of Bitcoin.com, signaled his support to shift all company resources to Bitcoin Cash, helping the new currency to gain traction. The Big Blockers celebrated a victory in launching a new coin with a higher block limit.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>UASF\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>The Small Blockers camp, while smaller and much less funded than the Big Blockers, had become an increasingly vocal and persuasive group. They were still garnering support for SegWit, bolstered by the anti-establishment views that swept through the community after the New York Agreement. However, SegWit had nowhere near the 95% support it needed from miners to activate.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>A developer using the pseudonym Shaolinfry introduced a new strategy called User Activated Soft Fork (UASF). Traditionally, soft forks were triggered by miners, which gave them control and power over the network.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Shaolinfry’s proposal, named \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-is-a-bitcoin-improvement-proposal-bip/\">BIP\u003C/a> 148, let users running a node signal their support for SegWit ahead of an activation date, and to not accept non-SegWit blocks from miners. If enough nodes signaled their support for SegWit, then the miners would have to accept the upgrade by the activation date or else their blocks would be rejected.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The risky idea paid off when SegWit was activated on the Bitcoin network in July 2017 with the largest miner, Bitmain, flagging its support and other miners following to implement the upgrade.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>SegWit also laid the foundation for the \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-is-the-lightning-network/\">Lightning Network\u003C/a>, a protocol built on top of the Bitcoin blockchain that enables off-chain transactions.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>The end of the war\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>With the dissolution of the second part of the New York Agreement, the creation of Bitcoin Cash, and the adoption of SegWit, it’s generally agreed that the Small Blockers came out on the “winning” side of the Blocksize War. The UASF raised the block limit without using a hard fork. Further, the change was implemented through ordinary users, not by miners or corporations, an event that was seen as encompassing the original spirit of Bitcoin.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In his book, \u003Cem>The Blocksize War\u003C/em>, author Jonathan Biers speculates:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>“In essence, this story is about how the Small Blockers had constructed a more compelling and attractive narrative than the larger blockers. A new form of money where the users set the rules, simply made for a better story than a high capacity, low fee, global payment system, irrespective of the truth of either claim. Money is ultimately a collective confidence game, the Small Blockers proved themselves to be quite effective players of the game and for this they were rewarded, with their victory.”\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Blocksize War essentials\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>The Blocksize War was a technical debate about software scaling on the Bitcoin blockchain that took place between 2015 and 2017.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>The debate exposed deeper practical and theoretical arguments within the crypto ecosystem, such as who controls the protocol and the long-term plan for Bitcoin’s market share.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>The resolution encompassed multiple technical changes and events, including the creation of Bitcoin Cash and the adoption of SegWit.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"June 14th, 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":238,"value":239,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":240,"geofencings":241},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":243,"value":244,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":245,"geofencings":246},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":248,"value":249,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":250,"geofencings":251},"+65 3105 1676","+6531051676",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":7,"ogDescription":7,"ogImage":255,"twitterImage":255,"twitterSite":256,"twitterCreator":256,"twitterCard":257,"twitterTitle":6,"twitterDescription":7,"titleTemplate":258},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/blocksize_wars_BTC_vs_BCH_png_7866ae0fdb_53d0640d48.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":260,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":303,"backButtonText":304,"logInButtonText":305,"signUpButtonText":306},[261,265,269,272,275,278,281,286,289,294,299],{"headerName":262,"sidemenuName":133,"url":134,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":263,"submenu":264,"tag":17},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":125,"sidemenuName":125,"url":126,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":266,"submenu":267,"tag":268},{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":148,"sidemenuName":148,"url":149,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":270,"submenu":271,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":105,"sidemenuName":105,"url":106,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":273,"submenu":274,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":115,"sidemenuName":115,"url":116,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":276,"submenu":277,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":120,"sidemenuName":120,"url":121,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":279,"submenu":280,"tag":17},{"geofencing-uk":33},[],{"headerName":282,"sidemenuName":282,"url":283,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":284,"submenu":285,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":110,"sidemenuName":110,"url":111,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":287,"submenu":288,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":290,"sidemenuName":290,"url":291,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":292,"submenu":293,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":295,"sidemenuName":295,"url":296,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":297,"submenu":298,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":300,"sidemenuName":300,"url":106,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":301,"submenu":302,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[308,312,316,318,322,326,330,334,338,342],{"title":309,"url":310,"geofencings":311},"Blockchain technology","/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":313,"url":314,"geofencings":315},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":317},{},{"title":319,"url":320,"geofencings":321},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":323,"url":324,"geofencings":325},"Crypto trading","/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":327,"url":328,"geofencings":329},"Cryptocurrency guide","/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{"geofencing-uk":33},{"title":331,"url":332,"geofencings":333},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":335,"url":336,"geofencings":337},"Security","/learn/security/",{},{"title":339,"url":340,"geofencings":341},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":343,"url":344,"geofencings":345},"Web3","/learn/web3/",{},1775731380090]