[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":345},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-what-are-pump-and-dump-schemes":3,"footer-en":56,"learn/crypto-trading/what-are-pump-and-dump-schemes-en-seo":254,"navigation-en-learn-center":259,"api/learn-categories-en":306},{"seo":4,"locale":27,"breadcrumbs":28,"excerpt":36,"featuredImage":37,"components":38,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":49,"geofencings":50,"category":51,"pagination":53,"campaignExternalId":7},{"title":5,"metaTitle":5,"metaDescription":6,"keywords":7,"metaRobots":7,"structuredData":8,"metaImage":9,"metaSocial":17,"canonicalURL":7,"localizations":18},"Crypto Pump and Dump Schemes: How to Spot and Avoid Them ","FOMO makes it easy for us to get sucked in scams. The pump and dump scheme is among the most popular ones they use - Learn more on the Bitstamp Learn Center",null,{},{"url":10,"mime":11,"ext":12,"width":13,"height":14,"name":15,"alt":16},"bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_39svg_0c017cec73_7dcc763a5d.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",192,108,"1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_39svg_0c017cec73.svg","",[],[19,22,25],{"pathname":20,"locale":21},"/en-gb/learn/crypto-trading/what-are-pump-and-dump-schemes/","en-GB",{"pathname":23,"locale":24},"/es/learn/crypto-trading/what-are-pump-and-dump-schemes/","es",{"pathname":26,"locale":27},"/learn/crypto-trading/what-are-pump-and-dump-schemes/","en",[29,33],{"id":30,"text":31,"url":30,"asUrl":32},"/learn/crypto-trading/","Crypto trading",true,{"id":34,"text":5,"url":26,"asUrl":35},"what-are-pump-and-dump-schemes",false,"\u003Cp>Pump and dump schemes happen when players manipulate the market by artificially inflating an asset’s price through hype and misinformation, creating a deceptive illusion of value. \u003C/p>\n",{"url":10,"mime":11,"ext":12,"width":13,"height":14,"name":15,"alt":16},[39],{"component":40,"props":41,"content":42,"secondaryContent":46,"ctas":47,"secondaryCtas":48,"ctasNoMarginTop":35},"section.full-text",{"centered":35,"withoutSectionContainer":35},{"text":43,"width":44,"align":45},"\u003Cp>In investment circles there are several elaborate methods with which \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/security/cryptocurrency-scams-and-fraud-prevention/\">scammers try to exploit unsuspecting traders\u003C/a>. This article exposes one such method that is frequently used in unregulated investment markets – the pump and dump scheme. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Pump and dump are a type of investment scam where scammers buy an inexpensive coin by market cap, advertise (or pump) it, and then sell (or dump) it once the price has risen. The inflation of the price doesn’t reflect the coin’s underlying value, which means that the price plummets once the dumping is done. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>How do pump and dumps happen?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Pump and dump schemes are elaborate and require wide collaboration and buy-in. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Searching for a target\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>The pump and dump scheme begins with scammers selecting a \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/crypto-101/what-is-cryptocurrency/\">cryptocurrency\u003C/a> to exploit. It is ideally a little-known or fresh-on-the-market cryptocurrency with a small market cap that the public does not know well (or at all). These coins typically have poor \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/crypto-trading/what-is-liquidity/\">liquidity\u003C/a> – low trading volume and meager supply and demand – meaning that very few people are buying or selling them. Once an appropriate candidate is selected, the scammers purchase a large quantity of tokens. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Pumping it up\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>The increase in demand spurred on by the purchases of the scammers does part of the job to inflate the price of the altcoin. To hype the coin even more, scammers aggressively promote it across social media and communication platforms. Endorsement by public personas or institutions, whether real or (as can happen) faked by the scammers, also plays an important role in the token’s hype. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>“ \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/crypto-trading/what-are-whales/\">hale\u003C/a> manipulation” is an alternative pumping strategy. Instead of just promoting the cryptocurrency, the investor makes a substantial purchase to increase its \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/crypto-trading/what-is-trading-volume/\">trading volume\u003C/a> and price through their own actions. This surge functions as additional bait for the unsuspecting trader. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>FOMO never rests\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Now, scammers can rely on human nature. Effortless profit sounds like a good deal, so when people see an obscure coin rapidly growing in price, they are likely to want to hop onto the charging \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/crypto-trading/what-are-bulls-and-bears/\">bull\u003C/a>. This process, termed as fear of missing out or \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/crypto-trading/what-is-fomo/\">FOMO\u003C/a>, is well-known in investment circles. It is the basic principle that makes pump and dump work. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>The best time to dump\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Once a large enough number of external investors take the bait and the hype starts dying out, it’s time for the scammers to sell what they own. The currency has reached the point where the scammers believe that its selling price is at the maximum. The scammers then sell their coins at an inflated price and pocket the profit. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Aftermath: Who dropped the nuke?\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>The increase in supply and the drop in demand that follows start to decrease the falsely inflated price swiftly. Dumping a sizeable amount by the scammers sends the token’s price plummeting. Seeing the downward spiral and recognizing that the currency has no inherent value, external investors want to sell, too, to minimize losses. However, this usually happens too late, and those who missed the dump typically end up with worthless coins. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>How to avoid these scams\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Pump and dump schemes are not easy to recognize.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Patterns on trading charts make no distinction between a pumped coin and a coin for which the increase in price is genuine. If purchasing coins at the \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/crypto-101/what-is-an-initial-coin-offering-ico/\">initial coin offering (ICO)\u003C/a> or investing in obscure tokens, traders always need to DYOR (do your own research) and only trade what they understand. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>When investing, pay attention to exceptional price jumps (everything above 80% in a day or two is usually considered suspicious) and be careful with small market cap cryptocurrencies. If your research on crypto rewards no good reason for the price surge, that’s often simply because there is none. Steer clear. Your investments are better placed elsewhere. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Ways to protect yourself from pump and dump schemes\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>If traders do not feel comfortable identifying pump and dump schemes, there are several other ways they can protect themselves, such as: \u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Beware of hype: Blindly following hype or social media trends may come back to bite you. Traders must think critically and evaluate their trades based on \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/crypto-trading/what-is-technical-and-fundamental-analysis/\">fundamental or technical analysis\u003C/a>. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Diversification: Traders can reduce risk by spreading their money across multiple assets. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Watch for influencers: Influencer marketing has a large role in pump and dump schemes, as they can be paid or manipulated to promote certain tokens.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Further, it’s important for traders to follow \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/security/crypto-security-precautions/\">basic security measures\u003C/a>. Purchasing tokens based on hype could easily lead to you clicking on a website you shouldn’t have or sharing sensitive information to catch the latest trends. When trading cryptocurrencies, make sure you are using strong passwords, enable two-factor authentication on your apps and store your crypto in \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/crypto-101/how-to-choose-the-right-crypto-wallet/\">secure wallets\u003C/a>. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Legal consequences of pump and dump schemes\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Participating in pump and dump schemes, whether as an organizer or a knowing participant, can have legal ramifications. Regulatory and Law Enforcement Authorities like the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Department of Justice (DOJ) actively pursue those involved in these fraudulent activities. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Organizers\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Those who orchestrate and participate in the schemes can face severe penalties including: \u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Criminal charges: Charges may include securities fraud, market manipulation, wire fraud, and conspiracy. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Fines: Significant fines which can reach millions of dollars, depending on the scale. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Imprisonment: Jail time is a possibility for organizers. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Civil lawsuits: Investors who suffered losses may file civil lawsuits to recover damages.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch3>Knowing participants\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Those who knowingly participate in pump and dump schemes (like influencers, KOLs, etc.) can also face penalties like: \u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Fines: Financial penalties for profiting from the scheme. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Trading restrictions: Bans from trading in certain markets.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>Pump and dump essentials\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Pump and dump schemes artificially inflate the price of a cryptocurrency through coordinated buying and the spread of misleading information, creating a false sense of value. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Scammers exploit the \"fear of missing out\" (FOMO) psychology to lure investors into buying the hyped-up cryptocurrency at inflated prices. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Both organizers and those who knowingly participate in pump and dump schemes can face serious legal consequences, including fines, imprisonment, and reputational damage.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n","full","left",{"text":16},[],[],"August 18th, 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":35,"isExternal":35,"name":238,"value":239,"isEmail":35,"isPhoneNumber":32,"isText":35,"showOnDesktop":32,"showOnMobile":32,"attachment":240,"geofencings":241},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":35,"isExternal":35,"name":243,"value":244,"isEmail":35,"isPhoneNumber":32,"isText":35,"showOnDesktop":32,"showOnMobile":32,"attachment":245,"geofencings":246},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},{"noFollow":35,"isExternal":35,"name":248,"value":249,"isEmail":35,"isPhoneNumber":32,"isText":35,"showOnDesktop":32,"showOnMobile":32,"attachment":250,"geofencings":251},"+65 3105 1676","+6531051676",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":6,"ogDescription":6,"ogImage":255,"twitterImage":255,"twitterSite":256,"twitterCreator":256,"twitterCard":257,"twitterTitle":5,"twitterDescription":6,"titleTemplate":258},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_39svg_0c017cec73_7dcc763a5d.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":260,"ready":32,"platformButtonText":302,"backButtonText":303,"logInButtonText":304,"signUpButtonText":305},[261,265,268,271,274,277,280,285,288,293,298],{"headerName":262,"sidemenuName":133,"url":134,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":263,"submenu":264,"tag":16},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":125,"sidemenuName":125,"url":126,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":266,"submenu":267,"tag":16},{},[],{"headerName":148,"sidemenuName":148,"url":149,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":269,"submenu":270,"tag":16},{},[],{"headerName":105,"sidemenuName":105,"url":106,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":272,"submenu":273,"tag":16},{},[],{"headerName":115,"sidemenuName":115,"url":116,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":275,"submenu":276,"tag":16},{},[],{"headerName":120,"sidemenuName":120,"url":121,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":278,"submenu":279,"tag":16},{"geofencing-uk":32},[],{"headerName":281,"sidemenuName":281,"url":282,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":283,"submenu":284,"tag":16},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":110,"sidemenuName":110,"url":111,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":286,"submenu":287,"tag":16},{},[],{"headerName":289,"sidemenuName":289,"url":290,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":291,"submenu":292,"tag":16},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":294,"sidemenuName":294,"url":295,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":296,"submenu":297,"tag":16},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":299,"sidemenuName":299,"url":106,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":35,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":300,"submenu":301,"tag":16},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[307,311,315,319,323,325,329,333,337,341],{"title":308,"url":309,"geofencings":310},"Blockchain technology","/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":312,"url":313,"geofencings":314},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":316,"url":317,"geofencings":318},"Crypto 101","/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":320,"url":321,"geofencings":322},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":31,"url":30,"geofencings":324},{},{"title":326,"url":327,"geofencings":328},"Cryptocurrency guide","/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{"geofencing-uk":32},{"title":330,"url":331,"geofencings":332},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":334,"url":335,"geofencings":336},"Security","/learn/security/",{},{"title":338,"url":339,"geofencings":340},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":342,"url":343,"geofencings":344},"Web3","/learn/web3/",{},1773313035920]