[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":347},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-what-is-optimism-op":3,"footer-en":57,"learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-optimism-op-en-seo":255,"navigation-en-learn-center":260,"api/learn-categories-en":308},{"seo":4,"locale":22,"breadcrumbs":23,"excerpt":31,"featuredImage":32,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What is Optimism? (OP) ","What is Optimism? (OP)  - Cryptocurrency Guide","Optimism (OP) is a Layer 2 scaling solution designed to enhance the capabilities of the Ethereum blockchain.  ",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/what_is_optimism_93f6da4b41_7524c12012.png","image/png",".png",900,451,"what_is_optimism_93f6da4b41.png","",[],[20],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-optimism-op/","en",[24,28],{"id":25,"text":26,"url":25,"asUrl":27},"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/","Cryptocurrency guide",true,{"id":29,"text":5,"url":21,"asUrl":30},"what-is-optimism-op",false,"\u003Cp>Optimism (OP) is a Layer 2 scaling solution designed to enhance the capabilities of the Ethereum blockchain.  \u003C/p>\n",{"url":33,"mime":34,"ext":35,"width":36,"height":37,"name":38,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/what_is_optimism_op_2c14bff7c9_feb1bcbefe.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",1920,1080,"what_is_optimism_op_2c14bff7c9.svg",[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":30},"section.full-text",{"centered":30,"withoutSectionContainer":30},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>As Ethereum has grown, it has encountered challenges with transaction speed and cost, leading to network congestion and high fees. Optimism was created to lift some burden of the main blockchain by processing transactions off-chain, resulting in faster and cheaper transactions while maintaining Ethereum's security. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Importantly, Optimism is compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), allowing developers to migrate their existing Ethereum dapps to the Optimism network. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>OP is the native governance token of the Optimism network. By holding OP, users can participate in shaping the future of the platform through voting on proposals and other governance mechanisms. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Who Created Optimism?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Plasma Group, a non-profit research organization focused on Ethereum scalability, was founded in January 2019.  After integrating concepts from Vitalik Buterin's rollup design, the team pioneered the Optimistic Rollup concept.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In January 2020, Plasma Group transitioned into Optimism PBC (and eventually the Optimism Foundation), a public benefit corporation founded by Ben Jones, Karl Floersch, Jinglan Wang, and Kevin Ho.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The Optimism mainnet was launched on December 16, 2021. The network's native token, OP, was launched in May 2022 through an airdrop. This airdrop rewarded early users and active contributors, further solidifying the community's role in the Optimism ecosystem and empowering them to participate in the network's governance. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Optimism Collective\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The Optimism Collective is a governance structure where members can contribute and participate in the network's development. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The Collective consists of two governing bodies: \u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>The Token House:\u003C/strong> OP token holders that are responsible for submitting, deliberating, and voting on governance proposals. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>The Citizens' House:\u003C/strong> Focuses on distributing funding to valuable projects within the ecosystem.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>How Does Optimism Work?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Ch3>Optimistic Rollups\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Optimism is designed to make Ethereum transactions quicker and cheaper through a mechanism called “Optimistic Rollups”.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Rollups are a Layer 2 technology that processes data away from Ethereum before submitting cryptographic proof of the data back to the main chain. In that way, Optimism batches transactions together, processes them off-chain, then submits them back to Ethereum.  \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>L2 nodes in Optimism are made up of several components that work together to produce blocks on the L2 network: \u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Sequencer nodes\u003C/strong>: Gather proposed transactions from users \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Batcher\u003C/strong>: Submits batch data to L1, which controls the canonical chain \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Proposer\u003C/strong>: Submits output roots to L1, which controls L2 to L1 messaging\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>The process is “optimistic” because Optimism assumes these bundles are valid by default. However, there is a challenge period of about 7 days where anyone can dispute a transaction if they believe it to be fraudulent. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>The OP Stack\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>The OP Stack is a modular framework for building interoperable \u003Ca href=\"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/blockchain/what-are-layer-2-solutions/\">Layer 2 networks\u003C/a>. Developers can use the OP Stack to create custom blockchains, while benefiting from Ethereum's security and network effects. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The OP Stack consists of several layers: \u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>The Data Availability Layer:\u003C/strong> Defines where the raw inputs to an OP Stack chain are published. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>The Sequencing Layer:\u003C/strong> Responsible for organizing and publishing transactions to the blockchain. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>The Derivation Layer:\u003C/strong> Used to process transaction data and send it to the main Ethereum chain.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>The OP Stack was developed by the Optimism Collective and open-sourced it. The aim is to foster a collaborative ecosystem for developers to build scalable and efficient blockchain applications and expand the capabilities of Ethereum. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Optimism Superchain\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>The Optimism Superchain is a network of Layer 2 platforms that share security from Ethereum, a standardized communication layer, and an open-source technology stack. This allows developers to build applications that can operate interoperably. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Key Properties of the Superchain: \u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Shared security from the Ethereum blockchain \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Standardized bridge for secure cross-chain communication \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Cost-effective deployment of new OP Chains \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Customizable configuration options for each OP Chain \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Secure transactions and cross-chain messaging\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>These properties enable the Superchain to function as a unified and scalable ecosystem, while still allowing for customization and flexibility for individual OP Chains. \u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>How Does OP Work?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The OP token has a total supply of 4,294,967,296 tokens and is designed to power the Optimism Collective. The supply is allocated as follows: \u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Ecosystem Fund (25%):\u003C/strong> Provides grants and funding to ecosystem projects and communities. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Retroactive Public Goods Funding (RetroPGF) (20%):\u003C/strong> Retroactive funding to projects and individuals who made significant contributions to the ecosystem. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>User Airdrops (19%):\u003C/strong> Used to reward early users for their positive contributions to the network, spread across several airdrops:  \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Airdrop 1 (May 2022):\u003C/strong> 5% of the total OP supply was distributed to over 250,000 eligible addresses, including early users, DAO voters, and Gitcoin donors. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Airdrop #2 (February 2023):\u003C/strong> ~0.27% of the total supply was airdropped to users who spent more than $6.10 on gas using Optimism, made transactions from 25 or more unique addresses, or delegated their OP tokens to a governance delegate. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Airdrop #3 (September 2023):\u003C/strong> ~0.45% of the total supply was allocated to users who delegated their OP tokens to an active governance delegate. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Airdrop #4 (February 2024):\u003C/strong> ~0.24% of the total supply was distributed to users who bridged assets to Optimism from other chains. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Airdrop #5 (October 2024):\u003C/strong> ~0.24% of the total supply was airdropped to \"power users\" of the Optimism Superchain, based on multi-chain activity and governance participation.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>After the 5th airdrop, approximately 14% of the total OP supply remains allocated for future airdrops.\u003C/strong> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Core Contributors (19%):\u003C/strong> Reward the core team in building and developing the Optimism network. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Investors (\"Sugar Xaddies\") (17%):\u003C/strong> Allocated to early investors who provided financial support for the development of Optimism.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>The OP cryptocurrency is mainly used for: \u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Governance:\u003C/strong> OP token holders can participate in the future of the network by voting on proposals related to the network's development, upgrades, and overall direction. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Transaction Fees:\u003C/strong> OP tokens can be used to pay transaction fees. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Incentivization\u003C/strong>: Reward users who contribute to the network's health, security, and growth. This includes rewarding developers, liquidity providers, and other active participants.  \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Consensus mechanism\u003C/strong>: OP tokens are used to participate in the network's consensus mechanism.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Optimism essentials \u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Optimism is a Layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum that uses optimistic rollup technology to process transactions off-chain, resulting in faster and cheaper transactions while maintaining Ethereum's security. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The OP Stack is a modular framework developed by Optimism for building interoperable Layer 2 blockchains, enabling developers to create custom blockchains that share security and a communication layer. \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The OP token is used for governance, incentivizing network participation, and potentially for transaction fees in the future, with a significant portion of the supply allocated for airdrops to reward users for various contributions to the ecosystem.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>How to buy OP?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>You can buy the OP coin on Bitstamp by Robinhood. Sign up for a Bitstamp by Robinhood account and start trading Optimism today! \u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Buy Optimism (OP) with Euro EUR \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Buy Optimism (OP) with USD Dollar \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Buy Optimism (OP) with USDT \u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Buy Optimism (OP) with Ethereum ETH\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Disclosure: Bitstamp by Robinhood is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. \u003C/p>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"December 5th, 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\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":7,"ogDescription":7,"ogImage":256,"twitterImage":256,"twitterSite":257,"twitterCreator":257,"twitterCard":258,"twitterTitle":6,"twitterDescription":7,"titleTemplate":259},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/what_is_optimism_93f6da4b41_7524c12012.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":261,"ready":27,"platformButtonText":304,"backButtonText":305,"logInButtonText":306,"signUpButtonText":307},[262,266,270,273,276,279,282,287,290,295,300],{"headerName":263,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":30,"showInHeader":27,"showInSidemenu":27,"geofencings":264,"submenu":265,"tag":17},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":126,"sidemenuName":126,"url":127,"noFollow":30,"showInHeader":27,"showInSidemenu":27,"geofencings":267,"submenu":268,"tag":269},{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":149,"sidemenuName":149,"url":150,"noFollow":30,"showInHeader":27,"showInSidemenu":27,"geofencings":271,"submenu":272,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":106,"sidemenuName":106,"url":107,"noFollow":30,"showInHeader":27,"showInSidemenu":27,"geofencings":274,"submenu":275,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":116,"sidemenuName":116,"url":117,"noFollow":30,"showInHeader":27,"showInSidemenu":27,"geofencings":277,"submenu":278,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":121,"sidemenuName":121,"url":122,"noFollow":30,"showInHeader":27,"showInSidemenu":27,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},{"geofencing-uk":27},[],{"headerName":283,"sidemenuName":283,"url":284,"noFollow":30,"showInHeader":27,"showInSidemenu":27,"geofencings":285,"submenu":286,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":30,"showInHeader":27,"showInSidemenu":27,"geofencings":288,"submenu":289,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":291,"sidemenuName":291,"url":292,"noFollow":30,"showInHeader":27,"showInSidemenu":27,"geofencings":293,"submenu":294,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":296,"sidemenuName":296,"url":297,"noFollow":30,"showInHeader":27,"showInSidemenu":27,"geofencings":298,"submenu":299,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":301,"sidemenuName":301,"url":107,"noFollow":30,"showInHeader":30,"showInSidemenu":27,"geofencings":302,"submenu":303,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[309,313,317,321,325,329,331,335,339,343],{"title":310,"url":311,"geofencings":312},"Blockchain technology","/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":314,"url":315,"geofencings":316},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":318,"url":319,"geofencings":320},"Crypto 101","/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":322,"url":323,"geofencings":324},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":326,"url":327,"geofencings":328},"Crypto trading","/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":26,"url":25,"geofencings":330},{"geofencing-uk":27},{"title":332,"url":333,"geofencings":334},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":336,"url":337,"geofencings":338},"Security","/learn/security/",{},{"title":340,"url":341,"geofencings":342},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":344,"url":345,"geofencings":346},"Web3","/learn/web3/",{},1776943631336]