[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":353},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-what-is-starknet-strk":3,"footer-en":63,"learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-starknet-strk-en-seo":261,"navigation-en-learn-center":266,"api/learn-categories-en":314},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":45,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":56,"geofencings":57,"category":58,"pagination":60,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What is Starknet? (STRK)","What is Starknet? (STRK) - Cryptocurrency Guide","What is Starknet? How does STRK work? Read our guide to Starknet’s layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum, and start trading STRK on Bitstamp by Robinhood.",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/what_is_starknet_strk_1png_289438a40c_0e75ab3908.png","image/png",".png",744,380,"what_is_starknet_strk_1png_289438a40c.png","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-starknet-strk/","en-GB",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-starknet-strk/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-starknet-strk/","en",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/","Cryptocurrency guide",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"what-is-starknet-strk",false,"\u003Cp>Starknet is an Ethereum layer-2 scaling solution that uses a zero-knowledge rollup based on StarkWare Industry’s trustless “STARK” proof.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":39,"mime":40,"ext":41,"width":42,"height":43,"name":44,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/what_is_starknet_strksvg_f2b956a334_d1729cdfe9.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",1676,858,"what_is_starknet_strksvg_f2b956a334.svg",[46],{"component":47,"props":48,"content":49,"secondaryContent":53,"ctas":54,"secondaryCtas":55,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":50,"width":51,"align":52},"\u003Cp>Starknet is one of many layer-2 scaling solutions (L2s) for Ethereum. There are multiple approaches to increasing transaction speeds and decrease costs, but one of the most popular has become \u003Cstrong>zk-rollups\u003C/strong>. Both commonly-found types of rollups—the other is called “optimistic”—perform some amount of computation off-chain, so that some work can be done without using the resource-intensive Ethereum mainnet. They then batch many transactions together to document them on the network. This decongests Ethereum while users experience discounted fees.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Previous zk-rollups have used a technology called zk-SNARKS. However, Starknet’s innovation is called the \u003Cstrong>Scalable, Transparent Argument of Knowledge (STARK).\u003C/strong> A zk-STARK uses two components—sequencers and provers—to mathematically validate transactions, create a STARK proof, and then communicate with smart contracts on Ethereum’s mainnet to formally record transactions. Starknet also uses its own coding language called \u003Cstrong>Cairo\u003C/strong>, which is intended to make development more accessible to programmers.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Although Starknet initially allowed payment for network fees in the form of Ethereum’s ETH token, it has since added an alternative medium of exchange: a native STRK token. STRK is not only used to pay transaction fees, but is also used for staking and governance purposes—maintaining the network and helping drive its development.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>How was Starknet developed?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Starknet was developed by StarkWare Industries, an Israeli tech company founded in 2018 by Eli Ben-Sasson, Uri Kolodny, Michael Riabzev, and Alessandro Chiesa. Ben-Sasson was also a founder of the privacy-focused Zcash cryptocurrency that was based on Bitcoin. At the time of Starknet’s founding, he was a professor at Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, and in 2019, Technion sued him over intellectual property (IP) allegations. This eventually resulted in a settlement and Ben-Sasson’s departure from the institution.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>StarkWare’s first product was \u003Cstrong>StarkEx\u003C/strong>, a permissioned scaling solution introduced in 2020 that uses the same zk-STARK technology behind Starknet. It is used by decentralized derivatives exchange dYdX and the L2 Immutable X. However, StarkWare ultimately aimed to build its own permissionless L2, and that effort culminated in the publishing of Starknet’s genesis block in November 2021. Exactly one year later, the Starknet token (STRK) was deployed on the Ethereum Mainnet, though the tokens were not immediately offered for sale. They became publicly available in February 2024.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Within its first five years, StarkWare was one of the industry’s most well-funded projects. Its seed funding round from private investors was quickly followed by a $12 million grant from the Ethereum Foundation. It continued to receive hundreds of millions of dollars in funding from notable participants including the now-defunct Alameda Research, Paradigm, Sequoia Capital, and other venture capital firms.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>How does Starknet work?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Because the purpose of blockchain is to make all interactions decentralized and trustless, off-chain processing (found in multiple types of scaling solutions) must be validated in a similarly trustless way. Starknet accomplishes this by using a \u003Cstrong>Scalable, Transparent Argument of Knowledge (STARK)\u003C/strong> proof, which was first introduced in 2018. Unlike their older cousin, zk-SNARK, zk-STARKs do not require trust in a centralized party during their set-up.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Sequencers and provers\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>There are two main components of Starknet’s STARK-based L2: the sequencers and the provers.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Transactions are submitted to Starknet just as they would be on the mainnet. These are first processed and validated by \u003Cstrong>sequencers\u003C/strong>, which act like Ethereum nodes with more capabilities. These computers put transactions into a queue called a \u003Cstrong>mempool\u003C/strong>, and they propose blocks and then place these transactions into those blocks. Unsuccessful transactions don’t move forward. Once a group of transactions are executed and finalized into a block, the sequencer communicates to other sequencers for approval, and then the block is sent to provers.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Provers\u003C/strong> are responsible for further guaranteeing transactions in a block are valid. They organize blocks in groups (like sequencers process transactions) and process them in parallel, which makes the process faster. In doing so, they create an \u003Cstrong>Execution Trace\u003C/strong> and a \u003Cstrong>State Diff,\u003C/strong> which record the steps of transaction execution and how the state of Starknet changes, respectively. The Execution Trace then is fed through an algorithm that mixes together its data and identifies any bad data (such as a single bad transaction). A small, random sample of transactions is then used as a verification for the STARK proof that contains thousands.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Publishing to the Ethereum mainnet\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>The STARK proof and State Diff are then communicated back to the mainnet as a single Ethereum transaction. This is how Starknet scales so effectively: it batches thousands of transactions into this \u003Cem>one\u003C/em> transaction.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>On Ethereum, a node accepts the transaction and unpacks it to find the proof and State Diff, which are then processed by the \u003Cstrong>Verifier\u003C/strong> smart contract. The Verifier examines the samples in the proof to ensure their validity and then passes the next step to the \u003Cstrong>Starknet Core\u003C/strong> smart contract. At this step, there is confirmation that the proof is valid (per the Verifier) and that the State Diff is present, and the Starknet’s state is updated on Ethereum. The rest of the process is Ethereum’s usual operating procedure: adding the Starknet transaction to a block and then sending it to the network to be validated and finalized.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>How is the STRK token used?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The STRK token has three primary uses: 1) payment of fees, 2) governance, and 3) staking.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Like other blockchain-based networks, users of Starknet must pay fees in order to submit and process transactions. The flow of transaction fees helps to provide the economic incentives that drive use of the network. STRK can also be used to participate in community governance of the protocol. This is performed by “wrapping” STRK to turn it into vSTRK (voting STRK) in a 1:1 ratio, which allows a user to vote or designate another user—a delegate—to vote for them. vSTRK can then be unwrapped to STRK to be used for other purposes.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Finally, when the STRK token was first introduced in February 2024, there were plans for using it as part of a future Proof of Stake (PoS) network. However, Starknet had not yet transitioned from a “sequencer + prover” to a PoS protocol, so this use for STRK was still theoretical.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Token supply and distribution\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>At inception, there were ten billion STRK tokens created by StarkWare. Although this was the total supply at launch, it is not considered the maximum supply. The development team planned for future releases of tokens through the protocol through staking and block rewards, but a process for this was not immediately implemented, in anticipation of guidance via community governance.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Of the original ten billion tokens, 20.04% were allocated to the development team and early contributors, 18.17% to investors, 10.76% to StarkWare, 12.93% to grants to develop the protocol, 10% to the Starknet Foundation’s strategic reserve, 9% each to provisions and rebates, 8.1% to the Starknet Foundation treasury for other purposes, and 2% for donations to institutions and organizations.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Relevant tokens were subject to a lock-up period so parties like the team and investors could not dump their tokens onto the market. However, StarkWare faced early backlash about a particularly short lock-up period of those tokens: 13% of tokens would be unlocked within approximately 2 months of public launch. Because of this, the lock-up schedule was quickly revised.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Conclusion\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Starknet is an Ethereum layer 2 scaling solution that uses a zk-rollup to transfer processing of transactions off-chain in an effort to increase their speeds and decrease their cost.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The zk-STARK mechanism involves sequencers and provers who are responsible for ensuring off-chain computation is verifiably accurate, and “bad’ data does not reach the Ethereum mainnet.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The STRK token facilitates transactions by providing a means for paying fees on the network, and it can also be used in governance and in staking.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"March 8th, 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":245,"value":246,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":247,"geofencings":248},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":250,"value":251,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":252,"geofencings":253},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":255,"value":256,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":257,"geofencings":258},"+65 3105 1676","+6531051676",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":7,"ogDescription":7,"ogImage":262,"twitterImage":262,"twitterSite":263,"twitterCreator":263,"twitterCard":264,"twitterTitle":6,"twitterDescription":7,"titleTemplate":265},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/what_is_starknet_strk_1png_289438a40c_0e75ab3908.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":267,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":310,"backButtonText":311,"logInButtonText":312,"signUpButtonText":313},[268,272,276,279,282,285,288,293,296,301,306],{"headerName":269,"sidemenuName":140,"url":141,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":270,"submenu":271,"tag":17},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":132,"sidemenuName":132,"url":133,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":273,"submenu":274,"tag":275},{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":155,"sidemenuName":155,"url":156,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":277,"submenu":278,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":112,"sidemenuName":112,"url":113,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":122,"sidemenuName":122,"url":123,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":283,"submenu":284,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":127,"sidemenuName":127,"url":128,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":286,"submenu":287,"tag":17},{"geofencing-uk":33},[],{"headerName":289,"sidemenuName":289,"url":290,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":291,"submenu":292,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":117,"sidemenuName":117,"url":118,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":294,"submenu":295,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":297,"sidemenuName":297,"url":298,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":299,"submenu":300,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":302,"sidemenuName":302,"url":303,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":304,"submenu":305,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":307,"sidemenuName":307,"url":113,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":308,"submenu":309,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[315,319,323,327,331,335,337,341,345,349],{"title":316,"url":317,"geofencings":318},"Blockchain technology","/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":320,"url":321,"geofencings":322},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":324,"url":325,"geofencings":326},"Crypto 101","/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":328,"url":329,"geofencings":330},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":332,"url":333,"geofencings":334},"Crypto trading","/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":336},{"geofencing-uk":33},{"title":338,"url":339,"geofencings":340},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":342,"url":343,"geofencings":344},"Security","/learn/security/",{},{"title":346,"url":347,"geofencings":348},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":350,"url":351,"geofencings":352},"Web3","/learn/web3/",{},1776943587654]