[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":347},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-what-is-the-ethereum-merge":3,"footer-en":57,"learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-the-ethereum-merge-en-seo":255,"navigation-en-learn-center":260,"api/learn-categories-en":308},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What is the Ethereum Merge?","What is the Ethereum merge?  - Bitstamp Learn Center","What is the Ethereum Merge? How will the upgrades change and affect Ethereum? - Learn more on the Bitstamp Learn Center",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/What_is_the_Ethereum_mergesvg_e2c5e64914_43d05aa77d.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",192,108,"What_is_the_Ethereum_mergesvg_e2c5e64914.svg","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/en-gb/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-the-ethereum-merge/","en-GB",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-the-ethereum-merge/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-the-ethereum-merge/","en",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/","Cryptocurrency guide",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"what-is-the-ethereum-merge",false,"\u003Cp>The Ethereum Merge, previously known as Ethereum 2.0, is a set of upgrades to the Ethereum network meant to improve the blockchain’s performance and make the network more scalable, secure, and sustainable.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>Let’s first start with an overview of \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-ethereum-eth/\">Ethereum\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Ethereum is a \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-is-a-blockchain/\">blockchain platform\u003C/a> that functions as a ledger for ether (ETH), its native cryptocurrency, and whose main purpose is to store and run smart contracts, which are transactional programs written into the blockchain. Thanks to its ability to run smart contracts, the network also supports the development of decentralized applications (dapps) and the creation of new crypto tokens.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Ethereum is the brainchild of blockchain researcher Vitalik Buterin, who first proposed his blockchain idea in a whitepaper published in 2013. Vitalik’s vision attracted several similarly minded individuals who helped him build Ethereum. Together, they publicly announced the project in January 2014 and the project was successfully crowdfunded the same year.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>As part of the Merge, the Ethereum network moved from a \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-proof-of-work-pow/\">Proof of Work (PoW)\u003C/a> system to a \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-proof-of-stake-pos/\">Proof of Stake (PoS)\u003C/a> one. Users are now able to lock, or stake, their ETH in a smart contract and earn a share of ETH for solving computations needed to add new blocks to the blockchain.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Importantly, the Ethereum Merge is no longer called Ethereum 2.0 because it is viewed as an upgrade, not a new network. Instead, the Merge brought together Ethereum’s execution layer, its current network, and the consensus layer, the upgrades being built. More on that below.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Ethereum Upgrades\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The previous Ethereum blockchain was called the Ethereum Mainnet and is known as the execution layer, where smart contracts and network rules reside. The consensus layer, what was previously called Ethereum 2.0, ensures that devices contributing to the network are acting in accordance to its rule.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Both networks came together in an event named “The Merge”, which removed the use of PoW and replaced it with a PoS network.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Beacon Chain\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>The Beacon Chain was released in December 2020 as a means to test and develop the proof of stake mechanism for the consensus layer. This began phase 0 of the road to the Merge.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The Beacon Chain ran in parallel with the existing Ethereum proof of work blockchain and did not offer smart contract functionality.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Upon activation, a one-way bridge was opened to accept ETH for those who wished to stake their ETH tokens. Anyone with a balance of 32 ETH or more could access the beacon chain and start participating in the proof of stake consensus mechanism.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Staking ETH is what activates validator software to be able to store data, process transactions and add new blocks to the blockchain. In other words, staking is essential to making the PoS protocol function as intended. Validators can lose their staked ETH for any malicious action, going offline or failing to validate transactions.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Ethereum Shards\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>If you consider that the Ethereum blockchain, at its core, is one big database of transactions, sharding essentially allows that one big database to be split into smaller interconnected pieces, called shards.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The Beacon Chain will be responsible for randomly assigning stakers, also known as nodes, to be able to validate shard chains once sharding is enabled, a key component towards ensuring that no collusion takes place where nodes band together to take over a shard.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Each validator node assigned to a shard will only contain a subset of the Ethereum blockchain and thus are no longer required to store Ethereum’s entire transaction history. While the aim of sharding is to make the blockchain more lightweight and therefore faster, this mechanism also helps with decentralization. Nodes do not process and store all the information, but all information contained in a shard can still be shared among other nodes, helping keep the ledger decentralized and secure.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In total, Ethereum is set to spread the network load over 64 shards and is a system created to support more transactions. Once the Ethereum shards are live, the Ethereum blockchain will be able to accommodate up to 100,000 transactions per second, up from 30 transactions per second prior to the Merge.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>When is the Ethereum Merge?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>The Merge occured when the PoS Beacon Chain came together with the existing PoW Mainnet chain. With that, Mainnet brought the complete history of Ethereum and the ability to run smart contracts to the Proof of Stake network.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The Ethereum Merge went live in mid-September and marked the end of Ethereum’s PoW network. The transition should have run smoothly for all current ETH holders and users of the Ethereum Mainnet.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The addition of the 64 shards is set to occur post-Merge, at which point the transition will be complete.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>How to buy ETH\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>You can buy Ethereum coin with 0% fee up to $1,000 and stake it on Bitstamp by Robinhood and earn over 4% APR.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Take advantage of the Ethereum Merge with Bitstamp by Robinhood and start staking ETH today!\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"/markets/eth/eur/\">Buy Ethereum (ETH) with Euro\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"/markets/eth/usd/\">Buy Ethereum (ETH) with Dollar\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>Disclosure: Bitstamp by Robinhood is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services.\u003C/p>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"August 16th, 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":239,"value":240,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":241,"geofencings":242},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":244,"value":245,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":246,"geofencings":247},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":249,"value":250,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":251,"geofencings":252},"+65 3105 1676","+6531051676",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":7,"ogDescription":7,"ogImage":256,"twitterImage":256,"twitterSite":257,"twitterCreator":257,"twitterCard":258,"twitterTitle":6,"twitterDescription":7,"titleTemplate":259},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/What_is_the_Ethereum_mergesvg_e2c5e64914_43d05aa77d.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":261,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":304,"backButtonText":305,"logInButtonText":306,"signUpButtonText":307},[262,266,270,273,276,279,282,287,290,295,300],{"headerName":263,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":264,"submenu":265,"tag":17},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":126,"sidemenuName":126,"url":127,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":267,"submenu":268,"tag":269},{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":149,"sidemenuName":149,"url":150,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":271,"submenu":272,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":106,"sidemenuName":106,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":274,"submenu":275,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":116,"sidemenuName":116,"url":117,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":277,"submenu":278,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":121,"sidemenuName":121,"url":122,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},{"geofencing-uk":33},[],{"headerName":283,"sidemenuName":283,"url":284,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":285,"submenu":286,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":288,"submenu":289,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":291,"sidemenuName":291,"url":292,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":293,"submenu":294,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":296,"sidemenuName":296,"url":297,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":298,"submenu":299,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":301,"sidemenuName":301,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":302,"submenu":303,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[309,313,317,321,325,329,331,335,339,343],{"title":310,"url":311,"geofencings":312},"Blockchain technology","/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":314,"url":315,"geofencings":316},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":318,"url":319,"geofencings":320},"Crypto 101","/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":322,"url":323,"geofencings":324},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":326,"url":327,"geofencings":328},"Crypto trading","/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":330},{"geofencing-uk":33},{"title":332,"url":333,"geofencings":334},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":336,"url":337,"geofencings":338},"Security","/learn/security/",{},{"title":340,"url":341,"geofencings":342},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":344,"url":345,"geofencings":346},"Web3","/learn/web3/",{},1776943621379]