[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":346},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-how-private-is-blockchain":3,"footer-en":56,"learn/security/how-private-is-blockchain-en-seo":254,"navigation-en-learn-center":259,"api/learn-categories-en":307},{"seo":4,"locale":27,"breadcrumbs":28,"excerpt":36,"featuredImage":37,"components":38,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":49,"geofencings":50,"category":51,"pagination":53,"campaignExternalId":7},{"title":5,"metaTitle":5,"metaDescription":6,"keywords":7,"metaRobots":7,"structuredData":8,"metaImage":9,"metaSocial":17,"canonicalURL":7,"localizations":18},"How private is the blockchain?","How private is blockchain? How does it compare to the most important technology for gathering data, the internet? -Learn more on the Bitstamp Learn Center",null,{},{"url":10,"mime":11,"ext":12,"width":13,"height":14,"name":15,"alt":16},"bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_93svg_e7a94e0033_898d993680.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",192,108,"1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_93svg_e7a94e0033.svg","",[],[19,22,25],{"pathname":20,"locale":21},"/en-gb/learn/security/how-private-is-blockchain/","en-GB",{"pathname":23,"locale":24},"/es/learn/security/how-private-is-blockchain/","es",{"pathname":26,"locale":27},"/learn/security/how-private-is-blockchain/","en",[29,33],{"id":30,"text":31,"url":30,"asUrl":32},"/learn/security/","Security",true,{"id":34,"text":5,"url":26,"asUrl":35},"how-private-is-blockchain",false,"\u003Cp>Maintaining privacy in the digital world is getting more and more difficult nowadays. Internet giants have made it their mission to gather as much data on their users as possible. There are even companies whose sole purpose is to collect user data, with or without consent, and sell it on to others.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":10,"mime":11,"ext":12,"width":13,"height":14,"name":15,"alt":16},[39],{"component":40,"props":41,"content":42,"secondaryContent":46,"ctas":47,"secondaryCtas":48,"ctasNoMarginTop":35},"section.full-text",{"centered":35,"withoutSectionContainer":35},{"text":43,"width":44,"align":45},"\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-is-a-blockchain/\">Blockchain\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> technology has been praised as a solution to many contemporary issues in the online world. Web 3.0, the blockchain-enhanced internet, can help users to reestablish their personal anonymity.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>But how does blockchain promote privacy and anonymity, when it also openly displays the entire history of transactions that anyone has ever made?\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Blockchain privacy essentials\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Most blockchains offer anonymity by pseudonym, or pseudonymity.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Blockchain addresses are identifiable with public keys and accessible with private keys.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>By default, blockchain contains no information on the user’s offline identity.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Zero-knowledge proof systems enable verification without disclosing data.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>Blockchain is pseudonymous\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Public blockchains of the largest cryptocurrencies, such as \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-btc/\">BTC\u003C/a>, \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-ethereum-eth/\">ETH\u003C/a> and \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-cash-bch/\">BCH\u003C/a>, are completely transparent. The history of every BTC, for instance, can be tracked from the block where it was \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-crypto-mining/\">mined\u003C/a> to the wallet in which it is currently stored. Similarly, the history of transactions for all addresses can be tracked, as well, since addresses are identified by \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/learn/security/what-are-private-and-public-keys/\">public keys\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>, and these are visible to everyone.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>However, even though it is easy to figure out what transactions someone has made, it is impossible to say who that someone is. The identity of the owner of the public key cannot be inferred from the blockchain. The only way to expose a blockchain user’s identity is to establish an indisputable connection between them and their public key.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>This is easier said than done, since there is no personal information, such as a name, address, contact number or email, that a user is required to disclose when creating a new address on the blockchain network. The connection between you and your public key can only be made known by means beyond the blockchain (theft, pattern tracking or voluntary revelation). Blockchain users are anonymous by pseudonym, or \u003Cstrong>pseudonymous\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Blockchains favoring untraceability\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Not all blockchains allow for the tracing of transactions and coin history. Some blockchains, such as Monero or Zcash, take anonymity a step further by actively preventing transaction traceability. No trade on these blockchains is public, and no transaction history of a given address is discernible from the chain. The technology allowing for this kind of anonymity is based on \u003Cstrong>zero-knowledge proof\u003C/strong> technology.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Zero-knowledge proof systems allow for claims to be verified without the need to disclose any data. Let’s say that you want to send 1 unit of crypto across a blockchain network. In Bitcoin transactions, you first need to provide \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-are-inputs-outputs-and-utxo/\">proof that you own 1 BTC from previous transactions\u003C/a>. In zero-knowledge proof-based blockchains, this isn’t necessary. The validators are able to reliably verify everything without actually knowing what they’re verifying (they have “zero knowledge”).\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Regardless of whether your cryptocurrency of choice uses zero-knowledge proofs or not, every transaction you make increases the likelihood of your identity being revealed. Web trackers and cookies trace your activity on the Internet, so if you make a purchase at an online store, you’re risking exposure. If you’re receiving monthly wages to your blockchain address, the regularity, the sender and the amount can solidify the link between you and an address.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>For example, if you always buy books from the same online store and pay from the same Bitcoin address, whoever has the knowledge of who has the books can figure out who owns the address. The more connections like these they make, the more certain they can be of your identity.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The fact that blockchain allows users to remain as private as possible in the digital world means that you can trade in cryptocurrency with confidence. That confidence will be further strengthened by trading via a reliable, long-standing professional exchange, like Bitstamp by Robinhood.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n","full","left",{"text":16},[],[],"August 10th, 2022",{},{"title":31,"url":30,"geofencings":52},{},{"previous":54,"next":55},"/learn/security/how-is-decentralized-consensus-achieved/","/learn/security/how-to-use-ledger-wallet/",{"ready":32,"sections":57,"disclaimer":252,"copyright":253},[58,101,129,152,189,208],{"title":59,"content":16,"items":60},"About",[61,66,71,76,81,86,91,96],{"noFollow":32,"isExternal":35,"name":62,"value":63,"isEmail":35,"isPhoneNumber":35,"isText":35,"showOnDesktop":32,"showOnMobile":32,"attachment":64,"geofencings":65},"Who We 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Kingdom",{},{},{"title":209,"content":16,"items":210},"Contact",[211,216,220,224,228,232,237,242,247],{"noFollow":35,"isExternal":35,"name":212,"value":213,"isEmail":35,"isPhoneNumber":35,"isText":35,"showOnDesktop":32,"showOnMobile":32,"attachment":214,"geofencings":215},"Customer 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":35,"isExternal":35,"name":238,"value":239,"isEmail":35,"isPhoneNumber":32,"isText":35,"showOnDesktop":32,"showOnMobile":32,"attachment":240,"geofencings":241},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":35,"isExternal":35,"name":243,"value":244,"isEmail":35,"isPhoneNumber":32,"isText":35,"showOnDesktop":32,"showOnMobile":32,"attachment":245,"geofencings":246},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},{"noFollow":35,"isExternal":35,"name":248,"value":249,"isEmail":35,"isPhoneNumber":32,"isText":35,"showOnDesktop":32,"showOnMobile":32,"attachment":250,"geofencings":251},"+65 3105 1676","+6531051676",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":6,"ogDescription":6,"ogImage":255,"twitterImage":255,"twitterSite":256,"twitterCreator":256,"twitterCard":257,"twitterTitle":5,"twitterDescription":6,"titleTemplate":258},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_93svg_e7a94e0033_898d993680.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":260,"ready":32,"platformButtonText":303,"backButtonText":304,"logInButtonText":305,"signUpButtonText":306},[261,265,269,272,275,278,281,286,289,294,299],{"headerName":262,"sidemenuName":133,"url":134,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":263,"submenu":264,"tag":16},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":125,"sidemenuName":125,"url":126,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":266,"submenu":267,"tag":268},{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":148,"sidemenuName":148,"url":149,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":270,"submenu":271,"tag":16},{},[],{"headerName":105,"sidemenuName":105,"url":106,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":273,"submenu":274,"tag":16},{},[],{"headerName":115,"sidemenuName":115,"url":116,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":276,"submenu":277,"tag":16},{},[],{"headerName":120,"sidemenuName":120,"url":121,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":279,"submenu":280,"tag":16},{"geofencing-uk":32},[],{"headerName":282,"sidemenuName":282,"url":283,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":284,"submenu":285,"tag":16},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":110,"sidemenuName":110,"url":111,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":287,"submenu":288,"tag":16},{},[],{"headerName":290,"sidemenuName":290,"url":291,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":292,"submenu":293,"tag":16},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":295,"sidemenuName":295,"url":296,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":32,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":297,"submenu":298,"tag":16},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":300,"sidemenuName":300,"url":106,"noFollow":35,"showInHeader":35,"showInSidemenu":32,"geofencings":301,"submenu":302,"tag":16},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[308,312,316,320,324,328,332,336,338,342],{"title":309,"url":310,"geofencings":311},"Blockchain technology","/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":313,"url":314,"geofencings":315},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":317,"url":318,"geofencings":319},"Crypto 101","/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":321,"url":322,"geofencings":323},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":325,"url":326,"geofencings":327},"Crypto trading","/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":329,"url":330,"geofencings":331},"Cryptocurrency guide","/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{"geofencing-uk":32},{"title":333,"url":334,"geofencings":335},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":31,"url":30,"geofencings":337},{},{"title":339,"url":340,"geofencings":341},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":343,"url":344,"geofencings":345},"Web3","/learn/web3/",{},1775055425283]