[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":347},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-what-are-private-and-public-keys":3,"footer-en":57,"learn/security/what-are-private-and-public-keys-en-seo":255,"navigation-en-learn-center":260,"api/learn-categories-en":308},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What are private and public keys?","What are private and public keys? - Bitstamp Learn Center","What are private and public keys? How to use each one to safeguard and transfer your crypto. ",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_96svg_21bb745812_73c66d208f.svg","image/svg+xml",".svg",192,108,"1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_96svg_21bb745812.svg","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/en-gb/learn/security/what-are-private-and-public-keys/","en-GB",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/security/what-are-private-and-public-keys/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/learn/security/what-are-private-and-public-keys/","en",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/security/","Security",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"what-are-private-and-public-keys",false,"\u003Cp>Digital currencies like \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-btc/\">bitcoin\u003C/a> or \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-ethereum-eth/\">ether (Ethereum)\u003C/a> are not called cryptocurrencies without good reason. Having no physical form and no central authority to verify transfers and ownership of coins, the functionality of cryptocurrencies fundamentally depends on cryptography.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>Cryptocurrencies employ a form of cryptography known as \u003Cstrong>public-key cryptography\u003C/strong>. Two cryptographic keys form the core of this system: a \u003Cstrong>public key\u003C/strong> and a \u003Cstrong>private key\u003C/strong>. These are strings of characters that are used for encrypting and decrypting data, as well as for signing and verifying transactions.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The public key is visible to everyone on the network and is usually the basis for generating the blockchain \u003Cstrong>address\u003C/strong>. The private key, on the other hand, works somewhat like a password and is known only to the person who owns the address.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Public and private keys essentials\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Public and private keys are the basis of public-key cryptography.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The public key is known to everyone, while the private key is confidential.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The public key is used for encrypting data and validating transactions.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The private key is used for decrypting data and signing transactions.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The blockchain address is usually generated from the public key.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>Symmetric vs asymmetric cryptography\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Public-key cryptography is military-grade technology turned open source. Its distinctive feature is that it’s \u003Cstrong>asymmetric\u003C/strong>, which means that instead of using a single key to encrypt and decrypt information, a set of two cryptographic keys is used: the \u003Cstrong>public\u003C/strong> and the \u003Cstrong>private key\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>If you want to protect your data with symmetric cryptography, everyone involved has to have access to a universal key. This key allows the participants to scramble data before transmitting it, which prevents everyone else from reading it, if the transmission is intercepted. The key is also used to decrypt the data upon reception. However, this system is vulnerable, because the whole process is compromised if the key leaks.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Asymmetric cryptography does not use a single key, but instead allows every participant to get their own, unique set of keys: a public key that is known to everyone and is used to identify a participant, and a corresponding private key that no one else knows. Since the keys are inherently mathematically connected, the private key enables its owner to prove that they are the legitimate person behind a public key.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>On a \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-is-a-blockchain/\">blockchain network\u003C/a>, transactions are made from address to address, which is to say from one owner of a public key to another owner of a public key. The only way to prove that your transaction is legitimate is to sign (that is, encrypt) it with your private key. Your public key being known, anyone can easily check if the transaction really did come from you.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>In an asymmetric system, if a private key is leaked, only the address it corresponds to is compromised. Everyone else remains safe and sound. But losing your private key means losing your funds forever, with no option of recovery, as you would not be able to create digital signatures anymore, to prove which public keys belong to you.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Advantages of public-key cryptography\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Public key-cryptography is essential for the operation of blockchain as we know it. It is used as a means of \u003Cstrong>authentication\u003C/strong>, where a digital signature verifies the owner of the public address. At the same time, the signature ensures \u003Cstrong>integrity\u003C/strong> and \u003Cstrong>verifies\u003C/strong> the contents of the encrypted information, preventing any changes from being made to the original later on.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Since private keys are secret and known only to their owners, users of a blockchain network can rely on complete \u003Cstrong>confidentiality\u003C/strong>, even though their transactions are recorded on a public ledger. While allowing users to remain \u003Cstrong>pseudonymous\u003C/strong> (\u003Ca href=\"/learn/security/how-private-is-blockchain/\">see how\u003C/a>), public-key cryptography ensures that as long as the private key is safely in its owner’s possession, they are the only one who can ever make transactions from their address.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To make use of the advantages of asymmetric cryptography, your private keys must remain secret and you should back them up, in case your wallet gets lost or breaks down. \u003Ca href=\"/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/how-to-securely-store-crypto/\">Read this article to find out how to securely store cryptocurrency\u003C/a>. If you decide to keep your cryptocurrency at an exchange, it is important to choose a reliable one.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Reputable exchanges like Bitstamp by Robinhood go to great lengths to protect their wallets and ensure the security of users' funds. Bitstamp by Robinhood is the world’s longest-running exchange with a proven track record in safety and reliability.\u003C/p>\n\u003Chr>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"August 17th, 2022",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":53},{},{"previous":55,"next":56},"/learn/security/what-are-multi-party-computation-mpc-wallets/","/learn/security/what-are-vulnerable-smart-contracts/",{"ready":33,"sections":58,"disclaimer":253,"copyright":254},[59,102,130,153,190,209],{"title":60,"content":17,"items":61},"About",[62,67,72,77,82,87,92,97],{"noFollow":33,"isExternal":36,"name":63,"value":64,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":65,"geofencings":66},"Who We 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Kingdom",{},{},{"title":210,"content":17,"items":211},"Contact",[212,217,221,225,229,233,238,243,248],{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":213,"value":214,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":215,"geofencings":216},"Customer 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":239,"value":240,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":241,"geofencings":242},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":244,"value":245,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":246,"geofencings":247},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":249,"value":250,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":251,"geofencings":252},"+65 3105 1676","+6531051676",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":7,"ogDescription":7,"ogImage":256,"twitterImage":256,"twitterSite":257,"twitterCreator":257,"twitterCard":258,"twitterTitle":6,"twitterDescription":7,"titleTemplate":259},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/1920x1080px_illustrations_learningcenter_96svg_21bb745812_73c66d208f.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":261,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":304,"backButtonText":305,"logInButtonText":306,"signUpButtonText":307},[262,266,270,273,276,279,282,287,290,295,300],{"headerName":263,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":264,"submenu":265,"tag":17},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":126,"sidemenuName":126,"url":127,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":267,"submenu":268,"tag":269},{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":149,"sidemenuName":149,"url":150,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":271,"submenu":272,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":106,"sidemenuName":106,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":274,"submenu":275,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":116,"sidemenuName":116,"url":117,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":277,"submenu":278,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":121,"sidemenuName":121,"url":122,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},{"geofencing-uk":33},[],{"headerName":283,"sidemenuName":283,"url":284,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":285,"submenu":286,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":288,"submenu":289,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":291,"sidemenuName":291,"url":292,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":293,"submenu":294,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":296,"sidemenuName":296,"url":297,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":298,"submenu":299,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":301,"sidemenuName":301,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":302,"submenu":303,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[309,313,317,321,325,329,333,337,339,343],{"title":310,"url":311,"geofencings":312},"Blockchain technology","/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":314,"url":315,"geofencings":316},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":318,"url":319,"geofencings":320},"Crypto 101","/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":322,"url":323,"geofencings":324},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":326,"url":327,"geofencings":328},"Crypto trading","/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":330,"url":331,"geofencings":332},"Cryptocurrency guide","/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{"geofencing-uk":33},{"title":334,"url":335,"geofencings":336},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":338},{},{"title":340,"url":341,"geofencings":342},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":344,"url":345,"geofencings":346},"Web3","/learn/web3/",{},1775055419531]