[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":350},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-what-are-decentralized-physical-infrastructure-networks-depin":3,"footer-en":61,"learn/web3/what-are-decentralized-physical-infrastructure-networks-depin-en-seo":259,"navigation-en-learn-center":264,"api/learn-categories-en":311},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":43,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":54,"geofencings":55,"category":56,"pagination":58,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What are Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks? (DePIN)","What is DePIN? - Bitstamp Learn Center","What is DePIN? How do DePIN, TIPIN, and PoPW work? Read our guide to decentralized physical infrastructure networks on Bitstamp by Robinhood–the original crypto exchange",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/What_is_Decentralized_Physical_Infrastructure_Networks_4png_08641d0a42_dc84be075e.png","image/png",".png",1200,628,"What_is_Decentralized_Physical_Infrastructure_Networks_4png_08641d0a42.png","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/en-gb/learn/web3/what-are-decentralized-physical-infrastructure-networks-depin/","en-GB",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/web3/what-are-decentralized-physical-infrastructure-networks-depin/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/learn/web3/what-are-decentralized-physical-infrastructure-networks-depin/","en",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/web3/","Web3",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"what-are-decentralized-physical-infrastructure-networks-depin",false,"\u003Cp>DePIN, which stands for “Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks”, describes networks which connect physical, hardware devices. To allow them to function in a decentralized manner, they are supported by cryptocurrency-based rewards.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":39,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":40,"height":41,"name":42,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/What_is_Decentralized_Physical_Infrastructure_Networkspng_934c850154_63ccc8c47d.png",1920,1080,"What_is_Decentralized_Physical_Infrastructure_Networkspng_934c850154.png",[44],{"component":45,"props":46,"content":47,"secondaryContent":51,"ctas":52,"secondaryCtas":53,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":48,"width":49,"align":50},"\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>DePIN\u003C/strong> (also known as \u003Cstrong>Token Incentivized Physical Infrastructure Networks (TIPIN)\u003C/strong>, \u003Cstrong>Proof of Physical Work (PoPW)\u003C/strong>, or \u003Cstrong>EdgeFi\u003C/strong>) is an important step for crypto-based technologies to bridge the digital and physical spaces. Some argue that it has the potential to further cement cryptocurrencies as vital resources beyond the financial and transactional use cases of its early years—ultimately driving the development of \u003Ca href=\"/learn/web3/what-is-web3/\">Web3\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>At its core, DePIN projects attempt to create democratized technologies to compete or replace centralized technological offerings. Those who provide the necessary hardware, and thus constitute the network, contribute to both adoption and decentralization of the service and are typically rewarded with cryptocurrency for their services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The most popular early example of a DePIN is Helium which launched a decentralized wireless network (DeWi) in 2019 supported by individuals running interconnected hardware devices across the world. Others have since followed suit and built various infrastructure solutions to support 5G cellular networks, connect cars, and even air quality data collection.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>How does DePIN work?\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>DePIN builds on the basic idea of the \u003Cstrong>Internet of Things (IoT)\u003C/strong> which enables process automation by connecting multiple physical objects (“things”). IoT examples include automating smart home technology, managing traffic by connecting vehicles, and improving healthcare through wearable sensors.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To properly function, DePIN networks generally require:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Hardware\u003C/strong> – Physical components that help connect networks to the physical world. For example, hotspots can be used for wireless networks, and extra space on hard drives can be used for storage networks.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Hardware operators –\u003C/strong> Users who buy (or lend) hardware and are connected to their respective networks.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Token –\u003C/strong> Project-specific \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-cryptocurrency/\">cryptocurrency\u003C/a> paid out to hardware operators for their services. Each token comes with different economic features based on the rules set by the project.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>End-users\u003C/strong> – Users of the infrastructure powered by the network’s hardware. For example, end-users might be those who would rather rely on a DePIN project than a corporation for their WiFi signal and pay to receive the service provided by the network.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch3>Helium: DePIN in action\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Helium was one of the pioneer DePIN projects. Its original goal was to create a type of low-power, wide-area network (LoRaWAN) for IoT devices to connect with each other. As a unique service at the time, it has enjoyed first-mover advantage in the space and drawn partnerships with projects aimed at tracking weather, monitoring air quality, and incorporating GPS.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Users who wish to maintain Helium nodes can buy (or build) hardware called \u003Cem>hotspots\u003C/em> that can be plugged in and join the network and provide internet to that geographical area. In return, hotspots collect Helium’s token, HNT.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Meanwhile, anyone wishing to use the networks created by the connected hardware (e.g., to run their IoT devices or surf the web) buy \u003Cem>data credits\u003C/em> (DCs) in exchange for burning HNT. This \u003Cstrong>burn-and-mint equilibrium (BME)\u003C/strong> controls HNT’s monetary policy.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>By 2022, almost 1 million hotspots had been connected to Helium. That same year, the project re-dedicated itself to becoming a “network of networks,” helping to support other DePIN projects that build decentralized solutions for Wi-Fi, 5G, VPNs, and more.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Other DePIN examples\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>While the DePIN ecosystem is still being explored, there are a couple projects that have made significant strides.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Filecoin\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Launched in 2020, Filecoin offers cloud storage services akin to Web2 giants Google Cloud and Amazon Web Services. However, instead of being controlled by centralized providers, Filecoin offers a distributed storage solution secured by crypto-economic incentives.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Filecoin connects those who need space to store data with users who have spare space on their hard drives. Users who provide storage space are paid with the FIL token.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>DIMO\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Based on the idea that your information can be useful for many purposes, DIMO offers the ability for users to monetize their own vehicle and driving data.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Downloading the DIMO app enables users to selectively share information about their cars (like battery health, trip information, etc.) and be rewarded in the \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-ethereum-eth/\">Ethereum\u003C/a>-based DIMO token. Services like used car marketplaces and ride sharing apps can then buy access to this data to improve their functioning.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch3>Hivemapper\u003C/h3>\n\u003Cp>Hivemapper’s goal is to provide decentralized real-world mapping through the use of dashcams to replicate the services provided by Google Street View.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>After buying a Hivemapper dashcam and installing it in their car, users drive around (during daylight hours) and generate visual data associated with GPS geolocation that can be uploaded to the network. Users are rewarded with the \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-solana-sol/\">Solana\u003C/a>-based HONEY token. Those wishing to use the map can buy \u003Cem>map credits\u003C/em> that correlate with distances/areas that have been logged by the network of users.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>DePIN essentials\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>DePIN refers to interconnected real-world devices that provide digital services in a decentralized manner.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>Cryptocurrency tokens are used by DePIN projects to incentivize and reward those who use and/or maintain the hardware that power networks.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cp>Helium was a pioneer of DePIN, offering decentralized networks for Internet of Things (IoT) devices and 5G cellular data, but other uses for DePIN include cloud storage, geographic mapping, data sharing, and more.\u003C/p>\n\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"April 4th, 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20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":243,"value":244,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":245,"geofencings":246},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":248,"value":249,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":250,"geofencings":251},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":253,"value":254,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":255,"geofencings":256},"+65 3105 1676","+6531051676",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":7,"ogDescription":7,"ogImage":260,"twitterImage":260,"twitterSite":261,"twitterCreator":261,"twitterCard":262,"twitterTitle":6,"twitterDescription":7,"titleTemplate":263},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/What_is_Decentralized_Physical_Infrastructure_Networks_4png_08641d0a42_dc84be075e.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":265,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":307,"backButtonText":308,"logInButtonText":309,"signUpButtonText":310},[266,270,273,276,279,282,285,290,293,298,303],{"headerName":267,"sidemenuName":138,"url":139,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":268,"submenu":269,"tag":17},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":130,"sidemenuName":130,"url":131,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":271,"submenu":272,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":153,"sidemenuName":153,"url":154,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":274,"submenu":275,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":110,"sidemenuName":110,"url":111,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":277,"submenu":278,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":120,"sidemenuName":120,"url":121,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":125,"sidemenuName":125,"url":126,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":283,"submenu":284,"tag":17},{"geofencing-uk":33},[],{"headerName":286,"sidemenuName":286,"url":287,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":288,"submenu":289,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":115,"sidemenuName":115,"url":116,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":291,"submenu":292,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":294,"sidemenuName":294,"url":295,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":296,"submenu":297,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":299,"sidemenuName":299,"url":300,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":301,"submenu":302,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":304,"sidemenuName":304,"url":111,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":305,"submenu":306,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[312,316,320,324,328,332,336,340,344,348],{"title":313,"url":314,"geofencings":315},"Blockchain technology","/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":317,"url":318,"geofencings":319},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":321,"url":322,"geofencings":323},"Crypto 101","/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":325,"url":326,"geofencings":327},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":329,"url":330,"geofencings":331},"Crypto trading","/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":333,"url":334,"geofencings":335},"Cryptocurrency guide","/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{"geofencing-uk":33},{"title":337,"url":338,"geofencings":339},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":341,"url":342,"geofencings":343},"Security","/learn/security/",{},{"title":345,"url":346,"geofencings":347},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":349},{},1773313023284]