[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":347},["ShallowReactive",2],{"api/learn-center-post-en-what-are-ethereum-nfts":3,"footer-en":57,"learn/web3/what-are-ethereum-nfts-en-seo":255,"navigation-en-learn-center":260,"api/learn-categories-en":308},{"seo":4,"locale":28,"breadcrumbs":29,"excerpt":37,"featuredImage":38,"components":39,"title":5,"formattedPublishedAt":50,"geofencings":51,"category":52,"pagination":54,"campaignExternalId":8},{"title":5,"metaTitle":6,"metaDescription":7,"keywords":8,"metaRobots":8,"structuredData":9,"metaImage":10,"metaSocial":18,"canonicalURL":8,"localizations":19},"What are Ethereum NFTs?","What are Ethereum NFTs? - Bitstamp Learn Center","What are Ethereum NFTs? How do NFTs on Ethereum work? Read our guide to Ethereum NFTs and start trading on Bitstamp by Robinhood – the original crypto exchange.",null,{},{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},"bitstampImageUrl/Ethereum_NF_Tspng_b0dcf38892_886a911092.png","image/png",".png",1920,1080,"Ethereum_NF_Tspng_b0dcf38892.png","",[],[20,23,26],{"pathname":21,"locale":22},"/en-gb/learn/web3/what-are-ethereum-nfts/","en-GB",{"pathname":24,"locale":25},"/es/learn/web3/what-are-ethereum-nfts/","es",{"pathname":27,"locale":28},"/learn/web3/what-are-ethereum-nfts/","en",[30,34],{"id":31,"text":32,"url":31,"asUrl":33},"/learn/web3/","Web3",true,{"id":35,"text":5,"url":27,"asUrl":36},"what-are-ethereum-nfts",false,"\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Non-fungible tokens (NFTs)\u003C/strong> are types of digital assets that are provably \u003Cem>unique\u003C/em>, making them both collectible and useful for functions from establishing ownership of real-life assets to online gaming.\u003C/p>\n",{"url":11,"mime":12,"ext":13,"width":14,"height":15,"name":16,"alt":17},[40],{"component":41,"props":42,"content":43,"secondaryContent":47,"ctas":48,"secondaryCtas":49,"ctasNoMarginTop":36},"section.full-text",{"centered":36,"withoutSectionContainer":36},{"text":44,"width":45,"align":46},"\u003Cp>One of the characteristics of currencies is fungibility, where each individual unit must be valued the same as—and interchangeable for—another unit. For instance, if you give your friend a 0.1 BTC from your wallet, and they give you a 0.1 BTC from theirs, no meaningful change in value has occurred.  NFTs, however, are blockchain-based assets (or, tokens) that are non-fungible, meaning they are one-of-a-kind.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Although \u003Ca href=\"/learn/web3/what-are-nfts-non-fungible-tokens/\">NFTs\u003C/a> were created and popularized on \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-ethereum-eth/\">Ethereum\u003C/a>, the first NFT concepts were built on \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-bitcoin-btc/\">Bitcoin\u003C/a>. These were called “colored coins,” and they applied digital watermarks to coins that could be used to track off-chain assets (like gold).\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Further, a platform called Counterparty was developed so people could create unique, Bitcoin-based tokens that could be used in blockchain-based gaming applications. The first of these games, Spells of Genesis, featured a deck-building game (a game where the main goal is to construct a deck of cards) and saw its first virtual “card” tokenized in March 2015.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>First NFTs on Ethereum\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>By building protocols to create one-of-a-kind assets on top of Bitcoin, early developers provided the groundwork for what would soon be known as NFTs. In June 2017, the CryptoPunks NFTs were created on the Ethereum blockchain. CryptoPunks is an NFT collection of 10,000 unique 24×24-pixel, 8-bit-style avatars, and is one the first and most popular collection of unique digital characters.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The CryptoPunks smart contract generated 10,000 Punk NFTs that were minted by crypto users over the course of 8 days—for free, plus \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-is-ethereum-gas/\">gas fees\u003C/a>. CryptoPunks introduced the concept of the \u003Cem>profile picture (PFP)\u003C/em> format for NFTs, displaying images that could be used for identification in an online profile. The PFP format, along with the 10,000 NFTs in the collection, became conventions for future NFT creators, and they were mimicked by many subsequent projects like the \u003Cstrong>Bored Ape Yacht Club\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The story of the CryptoPunks didn’t begin with blockchain. The co-creators had previously developed a pixelated character generator, but they didn’t have an application for it until they discovered Ethereum. Inspired by the possibilities of using blockchain technology to verify digital ownership, they developed the project into an experiment in how art could be represented virtually.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Since there wasn’t an established way to represent NFTs on Ethereum at the time, the CryptoPunks were created with the \u003Ca href=\"/learn/crypto-101/what-is-erc20/\">ERC-20\u003C/a> token standard (the same one used by other Ethereum cryptocurrencies like SAND and MKR).\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Ethereum token standard for NFTs\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>An official, Ethereum-wide standard for non-fungible tokens didn’t exist until after CryptoPunks was created. Four developers introduced the design for a new \u003Cem>token standard\u003C/em> called \u003Cstrong>ERC-721\u003C/strong> in September 2017, and it was ultimately accepted by the Ethereum community in June 2018.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>ERC-721 laid out basic rules for NFTs which included unique token identifiers, a safe way to transfer these digital assets, and how to include additional data (like image and video files) with tokens.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>One of ERC-721’s developers, Dieter Shirley, also co-created another famous NFT project called \u003Cstrong>CryptoKitties\u003C/strong>, a blockchain-based game that combines the appeal of collectible culture with a mechanism that generates new cat-themed NFTs for its players, referred to as “breeding,” a nod to the way real-life cats procreate. CryptoKitties used a beta version of ERC-721 before it was formally implemented as an Ethereum token standard.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>NFTs have evolved considerably since the early successes of CryptoPunks and CryptoKitties. On the heels of ERC-721, the \u003Cstrong>ERC-1155\u003C/strong> token standard was introduced, granting even more functionality to NFTs and establishing a basis for \u003Cem>semi-fungible tokens\u003C/em>. These assets can display characteristics of both fungible and non-fungible tokens, all controlled using the same smart contract. This token standard has proved especially useful in blockchain-based games, where duplicating resources (like skins and weapons) is needed.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>During the meteoric rise of NFTs, countless PFP projects have launched and matured into thriving—if volatile—markets. Games using NFTs have become so popular that they have needed to move to \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-are-layer-2-solutions/\">layer 2\u003C/a> blockchains and/or dedicated \u003Ca href=\"/learn/blockchain/what-are-sidechains/\">sidechains\u003C/a>. Digital art NFTs have sold for millions of dollars. However, none of this would have been possible without the solid foundation set by the early developers of Ethereum’s non-fungible tokens.\u003C/p>\n\u003Ch2>Examples of NFTs on Ethereum\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cp>Despite its early introduction, \u003Cstrong>CryptoPunks\u003C/strong> remains one of the most popular NFT projects to this day. In fact, some of the largest NFT sales to date have been Punks. However, other top projects offer a well-rounded overview of the NFT landscape.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/learn/web3/what-is-the-bored-ape-yacht-club-bayc/\">Bored Ape Yacht Club (BAYC)\u003C/a>:\u003C/strong> The BAYC is a PFP-style collection of 10,000 NFTs that depict highly stylized cartoon apes. The renderings are known for their detailed, high-resolution look and feel that contrasts that of the far-more pixelated look and feel of the CryptoPunks collection. It is one of the most valued collections in NFT history, and its ecosystem has grown to include related PFP collections, a metaverse project, and \u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-apecoin-ape/\">ApeCoin\u003C/a>, a utility token for the BAYC ecosystem.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Ethereum Name Service (ENS):\u003C/strong> Originally created by the Ethereum Foundation, ENS is now an independent project that converts Ethereum’s alphanumeric identifiers (e.g. for crypto wallets) into easily understandable strings ending in \u003Cem>.eth\u003C/em>. These are useful when trying to send ETH without having to remember or deal with long, complex alphanumeric strings. ENS names can also be bought, sold, and traded.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-decentraland-mana/\">Decentraland\u003C/a>:\u003C/strong> Decentraland is a metaverse project that uses NFTs to represent in-world assets including digital real estate called LAND and wearables for users’ avatars.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Art Blocks:\u003C/strong> As a resource for blockchain-based artists, Art Blocks provides the tools needed to create collections of \u003Cem>generative art\u003C/em> (art created fully or partially thanks to an autonomous system, in other words, without humans in the mix) on Ethereum. Some of these collections like Squiggles and Ringers have sold for millions of dollars, and to celebrities like Snoop Dogg.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/what-is-axie-infinity-axs/\">Axie Infinity\u003C/a>:\u003C/strong> Axie Infinity is a decentralized game where players collect, breed, and battle digital NFT characters called Axies. It is hosted on a sidechain of Ethereum called Ronin, in order to avoid the same kind of congestion that plagued Ethereum’s network just after CryptoKitties was launched.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Ch2>NFTs on Ethereum Essentials\u003C/h2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>CryptoPunks were the first NFTs to be hosted on Ethereum, predating the establishment of any developer standard for non-fungible tokens. To this day, some of the largest sales of NFTs on the open market have been from this collection.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>The ERC-721 token standard provided the framework for developers to create NFTs, establishing a standard for how to identify tokens, how to transfer them, and how to link the tokens to important metadata like image files.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>NFTs on Ethereum have many uses, which include digital art, representation of items in the metaverse, online game pieces, music, membership in communities, and proof of ownership of real-world assets.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n","full","left",{"text":17},[],[],"December 13th, 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3TW",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":206,"value":17,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":33,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":207,"geofencings":208},"United Kingdom",{},{},{"title":210,"content":17,"items":211},"Contact",[212,217,221,225,229,233,238,243,248],{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":213,"value":214,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":215,"geofencings":216},"Customer support","/customer-support/",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":218,"value":218,"isEmail":33,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":219,"geofencings":220},"info@bitstamp.net",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":222,"value":222,"isEmail":33,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":223,"geofencings":224},"press@bitstamp.net",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":226,"value":226,"isEmail":33,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":227,"geofencings":228},"support@bitstamp.net",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":230,"value":230,"isEmail":33,"isPhoneNumber":36,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":231,"geofencings":232},"complaints@bitstamp.net",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":234,"value":235,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":236,"geofencings":237},"+44 20 3868 9628","+442038689628",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":239,"value":240,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":241,"geofencings":242},"+1 800 712 5702","+18007125702",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":244,"value":245,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":246,"geofencings":247},"+352 20 88 10 96","+35220881096",{},{},{"noFollow":36,"isExternal":36,"name":249,"value":250,"isEmail":36,"isPhoneNumber":33,"isText":36,"showOnDesktop":33,"showOnMobile":33,"attachment":251,"geofencings":252},"+65 3105 1676","+6531051676",{},{},"\u003Cp>Please read the general \u003Ca href=\"/legal/risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Warning\u003C/a>, and \u003Ca href=\"/legal/uk-investment-risk-warning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Risk Summary\u003C/a> for UK residents before investing in crypto-assets. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Crypto-assets services are provided by the following Bitstamp legal entities depending on client residency: (1) Bitstamp Europe S.A., which is authorized by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) in Luxembourg as a payment institution (licence number Z00000012) and crypto-asset service provider (licence number N00000003); Registered address: 40, avenue Monterey, L-2163 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; Registration number: B196856; (2) Bitstamp UK Ltd., which is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK for the provision of certain cryptoassets activities under the Money Laundering Regulations (Firm Reference Number 978690); Registered address: 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom; Registration number: 14174243; (3) Bitstamp Ltd.with its registered address at 5 New Street Square, EC4A 3TW London, United Kingdom and registration number: 8157033; (4) Bitstamp Global Ltd., which is registered as a Virtual Asset Service Provider in the British Virgin Islands and is supervised by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission (FSC); Registered address: Floor 4, Banco Popular Building, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands; Registered number: 2086429; and (5) Bitstamp Asia Pte Ltd, which is authorized by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a major payment institution (licence number PS20200667); Registered address: 63 Chulia Street, OCBC Centre East, #15-01, Singapore 049514; Registered number: 202016687K;\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Virtual currency services to US residents are provided by Bitstamp USA, Inc., which is licensed to engage in virtual currency business activity by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Licensed as a Money Transmitter by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Review a \u003Ca href=\"/legal/usa-inc/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">list of its licenses and other registrations\u003C/a> (NMLS number \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">1905429\u003C/a>) for more information; Registered address: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America; Registered number: 5481543.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Investment services with regards to trading in crypto derivatives are provided by Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd., which is authorized and supervised by the Slovenian Securities Market Agency (ATVP) as a MiFiD investment firm. Trading crypto derivatives carries significant risks and may result in substantial losses. Please trade responsibly and ensure you understand the associated risks. You can find more about the risks \u003Ca href=\"/legal/financial-services/general-terms-and-conditions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>. To help you understand the risks involved we have put together a series of \u003Ca href=\"/derivatives/key-information-documents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Key Information Documents (KIDs)\u003C/a> highlighting the risks and rewards related to each derivatives contract. Crypto derivatives trading is not available to customers in the US, Canada, Japan and some other countries. Bitstamp Financial Services Ltd. does not provide crypto-asset services.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To find out more about which Bitstamp entity you receive services from, please check the Profile/My information in your Bitstamp account. You can read more about our legal terms, policies and disclosures \u003Ca href=\"/legal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">here\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n","\u003Cp>All rights reserved © 2026 Bitstamp by Robinhood. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org/EntityDetails.aspx/COMPANY/1905429\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NMLS #1905429\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\n",{"description":7,"ogDescription":7,"ogImage":256,"twitterImage":256,"twitterSite":257,"twitterCreator":257,"twitterCard":258,"twitterTitle":6,"twitterDescription":7,"titleTemplate":259},"https://assets.bitstamp.net/msc/_ipx/enlarge_true&f_png&fit_cover&q_85&s_1200x630/bitstampImageUrl/Ethereum_NF_Tspng_b0dcf38892_886a911092.png","@Bitstamp","summary_large_image","%s",{"items":261,"ready":33,"platformButtonText":304,"backButtonText":305,"logInButtonText":306,"signUpButtonText":307},[262,266,270,273,276,279,282,287,290,295,300],{"headerName":263,"sidemenuName":134,"url":135,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":264,"submenu":265,"tag":17},"Institutions",{},[],{"headerName":126,"sidemenuName":126,"url":127,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":267,"submenu":268,"tag":269},{},[],"NEW",{"headerName":149,"sidemenuName":149,"url":150,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":271,"submenu":272,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":106,"sidemenuName":106,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":274,"submenu":275,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":116,"sidemenuName":116,"url":117,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":277,"submenu":278,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":121,"sidemenuName":121,"url":122,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":280,"submenu":281,"tag":17},{"geofencing-uk":33},[],{"headerName":283,"sidemenuName":283,"url":284,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":285,"submenu":286,"tag":17},"Markets","/markets/",{},[],{"headerName":111,"sidemenuName":111,"url":112,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":288,"submenu":289,"tag":17},{},[],{"headerName":291,"sidemenuName":291,"url":292,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":293,"submenu":294,"tag":17},"Blog","https://blog.bitstamp.net/",{},[],{"headerName":296,"sidemenuName":296,"url":297,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":33,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":298,"submenu":299,"tag":17},"Learn","/learn/",{},[],{"headerName":301,"sidemenuName":301,"url":107,"noFollow":36,"showInHeader":36,"showInSidemenu":33,"geofencings":302,"submenu":303,"tag":17},"Get Bitstamp by Robinhood app",{},[],"Go to platform","Back","Log in","Get started",[309,313,317,321,325,329,333,337,341,345],{"title":310,"url":311,"geofencings":312},"Blockchain technology","/learn/blockchain/",{},{"title":314,"url":315,"geofencings":316},"Company profiles","/learn/company-profiles/",{},{"title":318,"url":319,"geofencings":320},"Crypto 101","/learn/crypto-101/",{},{"title":322,"url":323,"geofencings":324},"Crypto definitions","/learn/crypto-definitions/",{},{"title":326,"url":327,"geofencings":328},"Crypto trading","/learn/crypto-trading/",{},{"title":330,"url":331,"geofencings":332},"Cryptocurrency guide","/learn/cryptocurrency-guide/",{"geofencing-uk":33},{"title":334,"url":335,"geofencings":336},"People profiles","/learn/people-profiles/",{},{"title":338,"url":339,"geofencings":340},"Security","/learn/security/",{},{"title":342,"url":343,"geofencings":344},"Tutorials","/learn/bitstamp-tutorials/",{},{"title":32,"url":31,"geofencings":346},{},1777894655319]